（中职）计算机专业英语unit 7教学课件

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(中职)计算机专业英语unit7教学课件
Unit7ComputerTechnology
7.1TheTechnologyofMultimedia
7.2ArtificialIntelligence
7.3SoftwareEngineering
7.4VirtualReality
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Asthenamesuggests,multimediaisatofmorethanonemediaelementudtoproduceaconcreteandmorestructuredwayofcommunication.Inotherwords,multimediaisthesimultaneousuofdatafromdifferentsources.Thesourcesinmultimediaareknownasmediaelements.Withgrowingandveryfastchanginginformationtechnology,multimediahasbecomeacrucialpartofcomputerworld.Itsimportancehasbeenrealizedinalmostallwalksoflife,mayitbeeducation,cinema,advertising,fashionandwhatnot.
7.1.1What'sMultimedia?
Multimediaisnothingbuttheprocessingandprentationofinformationinamorestructuredandunderstandablemannerusingmorethanonemediasuchastext,graphics,animation,audioandvideo.[1]Thusmultimediaproductscanbeanacademicprentation,gameorcorporateprentation,informationkiosk,fashion-designing,etc.Multimediasystemsarethocomputerplatformsandsoftwaretoolsthatsupporttheinteractiveusoftext,graphics,animation,audio,ormotionvideo.
7.1TheTechnologyofMultimedia
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Inotherwords,acomputercapableofhandlingtext,graphics,audio,animationandvideoiscalledmultimediacomputer.Ifthequenceandtimingofthemediaelementscanbecontrolledbytheur,thenonecannameitasInteractiveMultimedia.
7.1.2MediaElements
Wewillintroducesomecommonmediaelements,suchastext,graphic,animationandsoon.
1.Text
Whetherornottheyhaveudacomputer,mostpeoplearefamiliarwithtext.Textisthebasisforwordprocessingprogramsandisstillthefundamentalinformationudinmanymultimediaprograms.
Infact,manymultimediaapplicationsarebadontheconversionofabooktoacomputerizedform.Thisconversiongivestheurimmediateaccesstothetextandletshimorherdisplaypop-upwindows,whichgivedefinitionsofcertainwords.Multimediaapplicationsalsoenabletheurtoinstantlydisplayinformationrelatedtoacertaintopicthatisbeingviewed.
7.1TheTechnologyofMultimedia
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Mostpowerfully,thecomputerizedformofabookallowstheurtolookupinformationquicklywithoutreferringtotheindexortableofcontents.
TheWindowsoperatingenvironmentgivestheuranalmostinfiniterangeofexpressingtext.Asamultimediaprogrammer,youcanchooinwhatfonttodisplaytext,howbigitshouldbe,andinwhatcoloritshouldbedisplayed.Bydisplayingtextinmorethanoneformat,themessageamultimediaapplicationistryingtoportraycanbemademoreunderstandable.
2.Graphics
Anotherinterestingelementinmultimediaisgraphics.Asamatteroffact,takingintoconsiderationthehumannature,asubjectismoreexplainedwithsomesortofpictorial/graphicalreprentation,ratherthanasalargechunkoftext.Thisalsohelpstodevelopacleanmultimediascreen,whereastheuoflargeamountoftextinascreenmakesitdullinprentation.
7.1TheTechnologyofMultimedia
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Unliketext,whichusauniversalASCIIformat,graphicsdoesnothaveasingleagreedformat.Theyhavedifferentformatstosuitdifferentrequirements.ThemostcommonlyudformatforgraphicsisBMPorbitmappictures.Thesizeofagraphicsdependsontheresolutionitisusing.Acomputerimageuspixelsordotsonthescreentoformitlf.Andthedotsorpixels,whencombinedwithanumberofcolorsandotheraspectsarecalledresolution.Resolutionofanimageorgraphicsisbasicallythepixeldensityandthenumberofcolorsitus.Andthesizeoftheimagedependsonitsresolution.AstandardVGA(VideoGraphicsArrays)screencandisplayascreenresolutionof640×480=307200pixels.AndaSuperVGAscreencandisplayup-to1024×768=786432pixelsonthescreen.Whiledevelopingmultimediagraphics,oneshouldalwayskeepinmindtheimageresolutionandthenumberofcolorstobeud,asthishasadirectrelationwiththeimagesize.Iftheimagesizeisbigger,ittakesmoretimetoloadandalsorequireshighermemoryforprocessingandlargerdisk-spaceforstorage.However,differentgraphicsformatsareavailablewhichtakelessspaceandarefastertoloadintothememory.
7.1TheTechnologyofMultimedia
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Thereareveralgraphicspackagesavailabletodevelopexcellentimagesandalsotocompressthemsothattheytakelessdisk-spacebutuhigherresolutionandmorecolors.PackageslikeAdobePhotoshop,AdobeIllustrator,PaintShopPro,etc.areexcellentgraphicspackages.TherearegraphicsgalleriesavailableinCD's(CompactDisk)withreadymadeimagestosuitalmosteveryrequirement.Theimagescandirectlybeincorporatedintomultimediadevelopment.
3.Animation
Animationisasimulationofmovementcreatedbydisplayingariesofpictures,orframes.Cartoonsontelevisionsareoneexampleofanimation.Animationoncomputersisoneofthechiefingredientsofmultimediaprentations.Therearemanysoftwareapplicationsthatenableyoutocreateanimationsthatyoucandisplayonacomputermonitor.[2]
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Notethedifferencebetweenanimationandvideo.Whereasvideotakescontinuousmotionandbreaksitupintodiscreteframes,animationstartswithindependentpicturesandputsthemtogethertoformtheillusionofcontinuousmotions.
4.Video
Besidesanimationthereisonemoremediaelement,whichisknownasvideo.Withthelatesttechnologyitispossibletoincludevideoimpactonclipsofanytypeintoanymultimediacreation,beitcorporateprentation,fashiondesign,entertainmentgames,etc.[3]
Thevideoclipsmaycontainsomedialoguesorsoundeffectsandmovingpictures.Thevideoclipscanbecombinedwiththeaudio,textandgraphicsformultimediaprentation.Incorporationofvideoinamultimediapackageismoreimportantandcomplicatedthanothermediaelements.Onecanprocurevideoclipsfromvarioussourcessuchaxistingvideofilmsorevencangoforanoutdoorvideoshooting.
7.1TheTechnologyofMultimedia
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Allthevideoavailableisinanalogformat.Tomakeitusablebycomputer,thevideoclipsareneededtobeconvertedintocomputerunderstandableformat,i.e.,digitalformat.Bothcombinationsofsoftwareandhardwaremakeitpossibletoconverttheanalogvideoclipsintodigitalformat.Thisalonedoesnothelp,asthedigitizedvideoclipstakelotsofharddiskspacetostore,dependingontheframerateudfordigitization.Thecomputerreadsaparticularvideoclipasariesofstillpicturescalledframes.Thusvideoclipismadeofariesofparateframeswhereeachframeisslightlydifferentfromthepreviousone.Thecomputerreadachframeasabitmapimage.Generallythereare15to25framespercondsothatthemovementissmooth.Ifwetakefewerframesthanthis,themovementoftheimageswillnotbesmooth.
TocutdownthespacethereareveralmoderntechnologiesinWindownvironment.Esntiallythetechnologiescompressthevideoimagesothatlessspaceisrequired.
7.1TheTechnologyofMultimedia
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However,latestvideocompressionsoftwaremakesitpossibletocompressthedigitizedvideoclipstoitsmaximum.Intheprocess,ittakeslessstoragespace.Onemoreadvantageofusingdigitalvideoisthatthequalityofvideowillnotdeterioratefromcopytocopyasthedigitalvideosignalismadeupofdigitalcodesandnotelectricalsignals.[4]Cautionshouldbetakenwhiledigitizingthevideofromanalogsourcetoavoidframedroppingsanddistortion.Agoodqualityvideosourceshouldbeudfordigitization.
5.Audio
Theintegrationofaudiosoundintoamultimediaapplicationcanprovidetheurwithinformationnotpossiblethroughanyothermethodofcommunication.Sometypesofinformationcan'tbeconveyedeffectivelywithoutusingsound.Itisnearlyimpossible,forexample,toprovideanaccuratetextualdescriptionofthebeatofaheartorthesoundoftheocean.
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