2015年6月英语四级考试真题及答案(精编版)

2021年6月大学英语四级考试真题
PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)
SectionA
Questions36to45arebadonthefollowingpassage。(精品文档请下载)
TheU。S。DepartmentofEducationismakingeffortstoensurethatallstudentshaveequalaccesstoaqualityeducation。Todayitis36thelaunchoftheExcellentEducatorsforAllInitiative.Theinitiativewillhelpstatesandschooldistrictssupportgreateducatorsforthestudentswhoneedthemmost。(精品文档请下载)
"Allchildrenare37toahigh—qualityeducationregardlessoftheirrace,zipcodeorfamilyincome。Itis38importantthatweprovideteachersandprincipalsthesupporttheyneedtohelpstudentsreachtheirfull39,"U。S。SecretaryofEducationArneDuncansaid。”Despitetheexcellentworkanddeep40ofournation’steachersandprincipals,studentsinhigh—poverty,high-minorityschoolsareunfairlytreatedacrossourcountry。Wehavetodobetter.Localleadersandeducatorswill41theirowncreativesolutions,butwemustworktogetherto42ourfocusonhowtobetterrecruit,supportand
43effectiveteachersandprincipalsforallstudents,especiallythekidswhoneedthemmost。"(精品文档请下载)
Today’sannouncementisanotherimportantstepforwardinimprovingaccesstoaqualityeducation,a44ofPresidentObama'syearofaction。Latertoday,SecretaryDuncanwillleadaroundtablediscussionwithprincipalsandschoolteachersfromacrossthecountryaboutthe45ofworkinginhigh—needschoolsandhowtoadoptpromisingpracticesforsupportinggreateducatorsintheschools.(精品文档请下载)
AnnouncingB。beneficialC.challengesD。commitment(精品文档请下载)
E。componentF。contestsG.criticallyH.develop(精品文档请下载)
I.distributingJ。enhanceK。entitledL。potential(精品文档请下载)
M。properlyN。qualifiedO.retain
SectionB
Directions:Inthisction,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.
Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived。Youmaychooaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter。AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2。(精品文档请下载)
TheChangesFacingFastFood
A)Fast—foodfirmshavetobeathick-skinnedbunch.Healthexpertsregularlycriticizethemverelyforllingfoodthatmakespeoplefat.CriticvencomplainthatMcDonald’s,whologosymbolizescalorieexcess,shouldnothavebeenallowedtosponsortheWorldCup。Thearethingsfast—foodfirmshavelearnttocopewith.Butnotperhapsformuchlonger。Theburgerbusinessfacesmorepressurefromregulatorsatatimewhenitisalreadyadaptingstrategiesinrespontoshiftsintheglobaleconomy.(精品文档请下载)
B)Fastfoodwasoncethoughttoberecession—proof.Whenconsumersneedtocutspending,thelogicgoes,cheapmealslikeBigMacsandWhoppersbecomeevenmoreattractive。Such”tradingdown"provedtrueformuchofthelatestrecession,whenfast—foodcompaniespickedupcustomerswhocouldnolongeraffordtoeatatcasual
restaurants。TrafficwasboostedinAmerica,thehomeoffastfood,withdiscountsandpromotions,suchas$1menusandcheapcombinationmeals。(精品文档请下载)
C)Asaresult,fast—foodchainshaveweatheredtherecessionbetterthantheirmoreexpensivecompetitors。In2020salesatfull-rvicerestaurantsinAmericafellbymorethan6%,buttotalsalesremainedaboutthesameatfast-foodchains.Insomemarkets,suchasJapan,FranceandBritain,totalspendingonfastfoodincread.Same—storesalesinAmericaatMcDonald’s,theworld’slargestfast—foodcompany,didnotdeclinethroughoutthedownturn。PaneraBread,anAmericanfast—foodchainknownforitsfreshingredients,performedwell,too,becauitoffershigher—qualityfoodatlowerpricesthanrestaurants.(精品文档请下载)
D)Butnotallfast-foodcompanieshavebeenasfortunate。Many,suchasBurgerKing,haveensalesfall。Inavererecession,whilesomepeopletradedowntofastfood,manyotheratathomemorefrequentlytosave
money。DavidPalmer,ananalystatUBS,abank,sayssmallerfast—foodchainsinAmerica,suchasJackintheBoxandCarl’sJr.,havebeenhitparticularlyhardinthisdownturnbecautheyarecompetingwiththeglobalgiantMcDonald's,whichincreadspendingonadvertisingbymorethan7%lastyearasotherscutback。(精品文档请下载)
E)Somefast-foodcompaniesalsosacrificedtheirownprofitsbytryingtogivecustomersbettervalue。Duringtherecessioncompaniestpriceslow,hopingthatoncetheyhadtemptedcustomersthroughthedoortheywouldbepersuadedtoordermoreexpensiveitems。Butinmanycasthatstrategydidnotwork.LastyearBurgerKingfranchies(特许经营人)sued(起诉)thecompanyoveritsdouble-cheeburgerpromotion,claimingitwasunfairforthemtoberequiredtollthefor$1whentheycost$1。10tomake.InMayajudgeruledinfavorofBurgerKing.Nevertheless,thecompanymaystillbecursingitsdecisiontopromotecheapchoicesovermoreexpensiveonesbecauitemsonits”valuemenu"nowaccountforaround20%ofallsales,upfrom12%lastOctober。(精品文档请下载)
F)Analystxpectthefast—foodindustrytogrowmodestlythisyear。Butthedownturnismakingcompaniesrethinktheirstrategies.Manyarenowintroducinghigher-priceditemstoentice()consumersawayfrom$1specials。KFC,adivisionofYum!Brands,whichalsoownsTacoBellandPizzaHut,haslaunchedachickensandwichthatcostsaround$5。AndinMayBurgerKingintroducedbarbecue(烧烤)porkribsat$7foreight。(精品文档请下载)
G)Companiesarealsotryingtogetcustomerstobuynewandmoreitems,includingdrinks。McDonald’sstartedllingbettercoffeeasachallengetoStarbucks。Its”McCafe”linenowaccountsforanestimated6%ofsalesinAmerica。StarbuckshassoldrightstoitsSeattle'sBestcoffeebrandtoBurgerKing,whichwillstartllingitlaterthisyear。(精品文档请下载)
H)Asfast-foodcompaniesshiftfrom"supersize"to”morebuys”,theyneedtokeepcustomertraffichighthroughouttheday.Manyebreakfastasabigopportunity,andnotjustforfattyfood。McDonald’swillstartllingporridge(粥)inAmericanextyear。Breakfast
hasthepotentialtobeveryprofitable,saysSaraSenatorofBernstein,arearchfirm,becauthemarginscanbehigh.Fast-foodcompaniesarealsoaddingmiddayandlate—nightsnacks,suchasblendeddrinksandwraps.Theideaisthatbyhavingagreaterrangeofthingsonthemenu,”wecanlltoconsumersproductstheywantallday,”saysRickCarlucci.,the。chieffinancialofficerofYum!Brands。(精品文档请下载)
I)Butwhataboutthogrowingwaistlines?Sofar,fast-foodfirmshavecleverlyavoidedgovernmentregulation.Byprovidinghealthyoptions,likesaladsandlow-caloriesandwiches,theyhaveatleastgiventheimpressionofdoingsomethingabouthelpingtofightobesity(肥胖症)。Theofferingsarenotnecessarilyloss-leaders,astheybroadentheappealofoutletstogroupsofdinersthatincludesomepeoplewhodon’twanttoeataburger。Butcustomerscannotbeforcedtoordersaladsinsteadoffries。(精品文档请下载)
J)Inthefuture,simplyofferingahealthyoptionmaynotbegoodenough。"Everypackaged—foodandrestaurantcompanyIknowisconcernedaboutregulationrightnow,
”saysMr.PalmerofUBS。America’shealth—reformbill,whichCongresspasdthisyear,requiresrestaurantchainswith20ormoreoutletstoputthecalorie—contentofitemstheyrveonthemenu.AstudybytheNationalBureauofEconomicRearch,whichtrackedtheeffectsonStarbucksofasimilarcalorie—postinglawinNewYorkCityin2007,foundthattheaveragecalorie—countpertransactionfell6%andrevenueincread3%atStarbucksstoreswhereaDunlinDonutsoutletwasnearby-—asign,itissaid,thatmenu—labelingcouldfavorchainsthathavemorehealthyofferings.(精品文档请下载)
K)InordertoavoidotherlegislationinAmericaandelwhere,fast-foodcompanieswillhavetocontinueinnovating(创新).WaltRikerofMcDonald’sclaimsthechangeithasmadeinitsmenumeansitoffersmorehealthyitemsthanitdidafewyearsago.”Weprobablyllmorevegetables,moremilk,moresalads,moreapplesthananyrestaurantbusinessintheworld,”hesays。ButtherecentproposalbyacountyinCaliforniatobanMcDonald’sfromincludingtoysinitshigh
—calorie"HappyMeals”,becaulegislatorsbelieveitattractschildrentounhealthyfood,suggeststhereisalotmorelefttodo。(精品文档请下载)
46。SomepeoplepropolawsbemadetostopMcDonald’sfromattachingtoystoitsfoodspecialsforchildren。(精品文档请下载)
47。Fast-foodfinsmaynotbeabletocopewithpressuresfromfoodregulationinthenearfuture。(精品文档请下载)
48.BurgerKingwillstarttollSeattle'sBestcoffeetoincreasales。(精品文档请下载)
49。Somefast-foodfirmsprovidehealthyfoodtogivetheimpressiontheyarehelpingtotackletheobesityproblem。(精品文档请下载)
Duringtherecession,manycustomersturnedtofastfoodtosavemoney。(精品文档请下载)
51.Manypeopleeatoutlessoftentosavemoneyintimesofrecession.(精品文档请下载)
52.Duringtherecession,BurgerKing’spromotionalstrategyofofferinglow-priceditemsoftenprovedineffective。(精品文档请下载)
53.Fast—foodrestaurantscanmakealotofmoneybyllingbreakfast.
(精品文档请下载)
54.Manyfast—foodcompaniesnowexpecttoincreatheirrevenuebyintroducinghigher—priceditems。(精品文档请下载)
55。Anewly—pasdlawasksbigfast—foodchainstospecifythecaloriecountofwhattheyrveonthemenu。(精品文档请下载)
SectionC
PassageOne
Questions56to60arebadonthefollowingpassage。(精品文档请下载)
Ifyouthinkahigh—factorsunscreen(防晒霜)keepsyousafefromharmfulrays,youmaybewrong。Rearchinthisweek'sNatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberofmelanomas(黑瘤)anddelaystheiroccurrence,itcan'tpreventthem.Melanomasarethemostaggressiveskincancers.Youhaveahigherriskifyouhaveredorblondhair,fairskin,blueorgreeneyes,orsunburneasily,orifaclorelativehashadone。Melanomasaremorecommonifyouhaveperiodicintenexposuretothesun。Otherskincancersareincreasinglylikelywithlong-termexposure。