单片机外文翻译外文文献英文文献51系列单片机的结构和功能

单片机外文翻译外文文件英文文件51系列单片机的结
构和功能
StructureandfunctionoftheMCS-51
StructureandfunctionoftheMCS-51riesone-chipcomputerMCS-51isanameofapieceofone-chipcomputerrieswhichIntelCompanyproduces.Thiscompanyintroduced8top-gradeone-chipcomputersofMCS-51riesin1980afterintroducing8one-chipcomputersofMCS-48riesin1976.Itbelongtoalotofkindsthislineofone-chip
computerthechipshave,suchas8051,8031,8751,80C51BH,80C31BH,etc.,theirbasiccomposition,basicperformanceandinstructionsystemare
allthesame.8051dailyreprentatives-51rialone-chipcomputers.Anone-chipcomputersystemismadeupofveralfollowingparts:
(1)Onemicroprocessorof8(CPU).(2)AtslicedatamemoryRAM(128B/256B),itunotdeposittingnotcanreading/datathatwrite,suchasresultnotmiddleofoperation,finalresultanddatawantedtoshow,etc.(3)ProcedurememoryROM/EPROM(4KB/8KB),isudtoprervetheprocedure,someinitialdataandforminslice.Butdoes
nottakeROM/EPROMwithinsomeone-chipcomputers,suchas8031,8032,80C,etc..(4)Four8runsidebysideI/OinterfaceP0fourP3,eachmouthcanuasintroduction,mayuaxportingtoo.(5)Twotimer
counter,eachtimer/countermaytupandcountintheway,udtocounttotheexternalincident,cantupintoatimingwaytoo,andcanaccordingtocountorresultoftimingrealizethecontrolofthe
computer.(6)Fivecutoffcuttingoffthecontrolsystemofthesource.(7)OneallduplexingrialI/OmouthofUART(universalasynchronousreceiver/transmitter(UART)),isitrealizeone-chipcomputerorone-chipcomputerandrialcommunicationofcomputertoufor.(8)Stretchoscillatorandclockproducecircuit,quartzcrystalfinelytuneelectriccapacityneedouter.Allowoscillation
frequencyas12megahertasnowatmost.Everytheabove-mentionedpartwasjoinedthroughtheinsidedatabus.Amongthem,CPUisacoreoftheone-chipcomputer,itisthecontrolofthecomputerandcommandcentre,madeupofsuchpartsasarithmeticunitandcontroller,etc..Thearithmeticunitcancarryon8personsofarithmeticoperationandunitALUoflogicoperationwhileincludingone,the1storingdevicetemporariliesof8,storingdevice2temporarily,8'saccumulation
deviceACC,registerBandprocedurestateregisterPSW,etc.PersonwhoaccumulateACCcountby2inputendnteredofcheckingetc.temporarilyasoneoperationoften,comefrompersonwhostore1operationisitisitmakeoperationtogoontocounttemporarily,operationresultandloopbackACCwithanotherone.Inaddition,ACCisoftenregardedasthetransferstationofdatatransmissionon8051inside.Thesameasgeneralmicroprocessor,itisthebusiestregister.Help
rememberingthatagreeingwithAexpressintheorder.Thecontrollerincludestheprocedurecounter,theorderisdepositted,theorderdecipher,theoscillatorandtimingcircuit,etc.Theprocedure
counterismadeupofcounterof8fortwo,amountsto16.Itisabyte
addresscounteroftheprocedureinfact,thecontentisthenextIA
thatwillcarriedoutinPC.Thecontentwhichchangesitcanchangethe
directionthattheprocedurecarriesout.Shakethecircuitin8051
one-chipcomputers,onlyneedouterquartzcrystalandfrequencyto
finelytunetheelectriccapacity,itsfrequencyrangeisits12MHZof
1.2MHZ.Thispulsignal,as8051basicbeatsofworking,namelytheminimumunitoftime.8051isthesameasothercomputers,theworkinharmonyunderthecontrolofthebasicbeat,justlikeanorchestraaccordingtothebeatplaythatiscommanded.
ThereareROM(procedurememory,canonlyread)andRAMin8051slices(datamemory,canisitcanwrite)twotoread,theyhaveeachindependentmemoryaddressspace,dispowaytobethesamewithgeneralmemoryofcomputer.Procedure8051memoryand8751sliceprocedurememorycapacity4KB,addressbeginfrom0000H,udforprervingtheprocedureandformconstant.Data8051-87518031ofmemorydatamemory128B,addressfal00FH,uformiddleresulttodepositoperation,thedataarestoredtemporarilyandthedataarebufferedetc..InRAMofthis128B,thereisunitof32bytesthatcan
beappointedasthejobregister,thisandgeneralmicroprocessorisdifferent,8051sliceRAMandjobregisterrankoneformationthesametoarrangethelocation.ItisnotverythesamethatthememoryofMCS-51riesone-chipcomputerandgeneralcomputerdisposthewayinaddition.Generalcomputerforfirstaddressspace,ROMandRAMcan
arrangeindifferentspacewithintherangeofthisaddressatwill,
namelytheaddressofROMandRAM,withdistributingdifferentaddressspaceinaformation.Whilevisitingthememory,correspondingandonlyanaddressMemoryunit,canROM,itcanbeRAMtoo,andbyvisitingtheordersimilarly.Thiskindofmemorystructureiscalledthestructure
ofPrinceton.8051memoriesaredividedintoprocedurememoryspaceanddatamemoryspaceonthephysicsstructure,therearefourmemoryspacesinall:Theprocedurestoresinoneanddatamemoryspaceoutsidedatamemoryandoneinprocedurememoryspaceandoneoutsideone,thestructureformsofthiskindofproceduredeviceanddatamemoryparatedformdatamemory,calledHarvardstructure.Bututheanglefromurs,8051memoryaddressspaceisdividedintothreekinds:(1)
Intheslice,arrangeblocksofFFFFH,0000Hoflocation,inunisonoutsidetheslice(u16address).(2)Thedatamemoryaddressspaceoutsideoneof64KB,theaddressis
arrangedfrom0000H64KBFFFFH(with16address)tootothelocation.(3)Datamemoryaddressspaceof256B(u8address).Threeabove-mentionedmemoryspaceaddressoverlap,fordistinguishinganddesigningtheordersymbolofdifferentdatatransmissionintheinstructionsystemof8051:CPUvisitslice,ROMorderspendMOVC,
visitblockRAMorderusMOVXoutsidetheslice,RAMorderusMOVtovisitinslice.
8051one-chipcomputerhavefour8walkabreastI/Oport,callP0,
P1,P2andP3.Eachportis8accuratetwo-waymouths,accountsfor32
pinsaltogether.EveryoneI/Olinecanbeudasintroductionandexportedindependently.Eachportincludesalatch(namelyspecialfunctionregister),oneexportsthedriverandaintroductionbuffer.Makedatacanlatchwhenoutputting,datacanbufferwhenmakingintroduction,butfourfunctionofpasswaythelf-same.Expandamongthesystemofmemoryoutsidehavingslice,fourportthemayrveasaccuratetwo-waymouthofI/Oincommonu.Expandamongthesystemofmemoryoutsidehavingslice,P2mouthehigh8addressoff;P0mouthisatwo-waybus,ndtheintroductionof8lowaddressanddata/exportintimesharing
Outputgrade,P3ofmouth,P1ofP1,connectwithinsidehaveloadresistanceofdrawing,everyoneoftheycandrive4ModelLSTTLloadtooutput.Aswhileinputtingthemouth,anyTTLorNMOScircuitcandriveP1of8051one-chipcomputersasP3mouthinanormalway.Becaudrawresistanceonoutputgradeofthemhave,canopenawaycollectortooordrain-sourceresistanceisiturgetoopenaway,do
notneedtohavetheresistanceofdrawingouterly.Mouthsareallaccuratetwo-waymouthstoo.Whentheconductisinput,mustwritethecorrespondingportlatchwith1first.Asto80C51one-chipcomputer,portcanonlyoffermilliampereofoutputelectriccurrents,isit
outputmouthgowhenurgingoneordinarybasingoftransistortoregardas,shouldcontactaresistanceamongtheportandtransistorba,inordertotheelectricitywhilerestrainingthehighlevelfromexportingP1~P3Beingrestoredtothethroneistheoperationofinitializingof
anone-chipcomputer.ItsmainfunctionistoturnPCinto0000Hinitially,maketheone-chipcomputerbegintoholdtheconductprocedurefromunit0000H.Exceptthattheonesthatenterthesystemareinitializednormally,asbecauprocedureoperateitmakemistakesoroperatetherearen'tmistake,inordertoextricateonelffromapredicament,needtobepresdandrestoredtothethronethekeyrestartingtoo.Itisaninputendwhichisrestoredtothethronethesignalin8051ChinaRSTpin.Restoretothethronesignalhighleveleffective,shouldsustain24shakecycle(namely2machinecycles)theaboveitffectivetimes.If6offrequencyof
utilizationbrillianttoshake,restoretothethronesignal
durationshouldexceed4delicatetofinishrestoringtothethroneand
operating.Producethelogicpictureofcircuitwhichisrestoredtothe
thronethesignal:
Restoretothethronethecircuitandincludetwopartsoutsideinthechipentirely.Outsidethatcircuitproducetorestoretothethronesignal(RST)handovertoSchmitt'strigger,restoretothethronecircuitsampletooutput,SchmittoftriggerconstantlyineachS5P2,machineofcycleinhavingonemore,thenjustgotandrestoredtothethroneandoperatedthenecessarysignalinsidly.Restoretothethroneresistanceofcircuitgenerally,electriccapacityparametersuitable
for6brillianttoshake,canisitrestoretothethronesignalhighleveldurationgreaterthan2machinecyclestoguarantee.Beingrestoredtothethroneinthecircuitissimple,itsfunctionisvery
important.Piecesofone-chipcomputersystemcouldnormalrunning,shouldfirstcheckitcanrestoretothethronenotsucceeding.Checkingandcanpopone'sheadandmonitorthepinwiththeoscillographtentatively,pushandisrestoredtothethronethekey,thewaveformthatobrvesandhanoughrangeixported(instantaneous),canalsothroughisitrestoretothethronecircuitgroupholdingvaluecarryontheexperimenttochange.
AnothernameofMCSimbeddedmicro-controller,becauitcanbeembeddedintoanymicro-orsmall-scaleequipmentorequipment.Atprent,thesingle-chipembeddedsystemsandInternetconnectivityisatrend.However,Internethasbeenudasafatrver,thinmachinetechnologyurs.ThistechnologyontheInternettostoreandaccesslargeamountsofdataisappropriate,butforcontrolofembeddeddeviceshasbecomethe"sledgehammercrackinganut,"the.EmbeddeddevicestoachieveandInternetconnection,weneedtheInternettothetraditionaltheoryandpracticeofembeddeddevicesarereverd.Inordertomakecomplexorsimpleembeddeddevices,suchassingle-chipmicrocomputer-controlledmachinetools,single-chipmicrocomputer-controlleddoorlocks,canbepracticalandInternetconnection,
requiresspecializedequipmentfortheembeddedmicrocontrollerdesignawebrvertoembeddevicescanbeconnectedtoInternet,andthroughastandardWebbrowrtoprocesscontrol.
Atprent,inordertosingle-chipmicrocomputerasthecoreofembeddedsystemsandInternetconnectedcompanies,therearemanymore
studiesinthisarea.MoretypicalinthisregardhaveemWareand
TASKINGcompany.EmbeddedsystemscompaniesEmWarenetworkprogram-EMITtechnology.Thistechnologyconsistsofthreemainparts:theemMicro,emGatewayandwebbrowr.Which,emMicro
embeddeddevicesisa1K-bytememorycapacityaccountedforonlyaverysmallwebrvers;emGatewaystrongerasafunctionoftheurorrver,anditisudtoachievemorethanthemanagementofembeddeddevices,aswellasstandardaccesstheInternetcommunications,aswellasthesupportofawebbrowr.WebbrowrsutodisplayandembeddedemObjictsdatatransmissionbetweendevices.Ifsufficientresourcembeddeddevices,whileatthesametimeemMicroandemGatewayintoembeddeddevices,toachievedirectaccesstotheInternet.
Otherwi,itwillrequireawebbrowremGatewayandeachother.EmWare'sEMITsoftwaretechnologyusingstandardInternetprotocolfor8-bitand16-bitembeddeddevicestomanage,butcostsmuchlesstraditional.Atprent,single-chipapplications,anewproblem:This
ishowtomakethe8-bit,16-bitsingle-chipmicrocomputertocontroltheproduct,orembeddedproductsorequipmenttoachievetheinterconnectionandtheInternet?TASKINGisnowtosolvethisproblemmeans.ThecompanyhamWareofEMITsoftwarepackagesandrelatedsupportingintegration,theformationofanintegrateddevelopmentenvironment,toprovideurswithconvenientdevelopment.EmbeddedInternetUnionETI(embedtheInternetConsortium)istoworkcloly
withthedevelopmentofembeddedInternetsolutions.Resultsinthenear
futuretherewillbepublished.
中文译文
系列单片机的结构和功能
系列单片机是英特尔公司生产的拥有必定结构和功能的单片机产品。这家公司在1976年引入8位MCS-48系列单片机后,于1980年又推出了8位高档的
MCS-51系列单片机。它包含很多种这类类的单片机,如
8051,8031,8751,
80C51BH,80C31BH等,它们的基本构成,基天性能和指令系统都是相同的。一般
状况****惯用

8051来代表

51系列单片机。
一个单片机的系统是由以下几部分构成

:(1)

一个

8位

CPU微办理器。

(2)静态
随机存取储存器,可以储蓄程序运转过程中产生的数据。

(3)程序储存器

ROM/
EPROM中(4KB/8KB),用来保存程序和一些初始数据。但是在一些单片机中不使用
ROM/EPROM中,如

8031,8032,80c系列等。(4)4

个8排的

I/O

并行接口

P0
~P3,每个口可以用作输入,也可以用作输出。

(5)2

个准时器/计数器,每个准时
器/计数器可设置计数用来计数外面事件,可以设置成常用的准时方式,并可以根
据计算或结果控制单片机的运转。(6)五此中断源控制系统。(7)1个双向串行I/O口的UART(通用异步接收器/发送器UART),用于实现单片机的串行通讯。(8)振
荡器和时钟产生电路,需要外面电源的石英晶体微调电路,同意接在12v的振荡频
率上。上述部分经过内部数据总线连接。此中,CPU是单片机的核心,它是单片机
的控制和指挥中心,ALU算数逻辑运算单元可进行算术运算和逻辑运算,由
1个8
临时储存器,和2个8位的累加器构成。Acc累加器是ALU运算结果的存放单元,
一般数据经过它来传递。其余,Acc常常被视为对8051内的数据传输中转站。和
平时的微办理器相同,它是最繁忙的存放器。有记忆功能并执行命令。该控制器包
括程序计数器,可读写的储存器,振荡器和准时电路等。该程序计数器是有两对8
或16位计数器,它是一个字节地址计数器,在个人电脑运转程