基础语法知识

基础语法知识
Verb
I.定义:表示动作状态的词叫动词。
2.种类:
实义动词 (NotionalVerb)
系动词 (LinkVerb)
助动词 (AuxiliaryVerb)
情态动词 (ModalVerb)
(1)及物动词(vt.)必须带宾语,可用于被动语态
A.跟单宾语的及物动词                  
只跟一个宾语的动词称为单宾语动词。
常见的单宾语动词主要有:                   
achieve,admire,affect,afford,avoid,blame,build,buy,carry,
catch,claim,commit,complete,concern,control,convince,
correct,cover,create,cut,damage,demand,describe,design,
desire,destroy,discover,discuss,display,dread,enjoy,equal,
exchange,expect,experience,express,favor,fear,free,get,
give,grant,guard,handle,hate,lack,like,list,love,lower,
maintain,make,mean,mention,plant,prefer,prevent,
produce,pronounce,protect,provide,rai,receive,
recommend,record,relea,remove,respect,reveal,risk,
shock,spot,support,tea,test,threaten,trust,upt,u,
value,want,waste,welcome,etc.
I forgot your telephone number.   
Don’twastewater.
MayIuyourcomputer?
(1)及物动词(vt.)必须带宾语,可用于被动语态
B.跟双宾语的及物动词                    
可以同时跟两个宾语的及物动词叫双宾语动词。双宾语中的一个宾语指人,称为间接宾语,一个宾语指物,称为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前,也可位于其后,但此时在间接宾语的前面需加介词to或for。  
Iwilllendyoumycomputer.
Weowedhim100dollars.
Handmethetimetable.
Iwilllendmycomputertoyou.
Weowed100dollarstohim.
Handthetimetabletome.             
常见的动词:
award,bring,deal,forward,give,grant,band,lea,leave,lend,loan,mailoffer,owe,pass,pay,play,post,read,rent,repay,ll,nd,rve,show,sing,take,teach,tell,write,etc.
C.跟复合宾语的及物动词                    
在宾语中有些动词只跟一个宾语意义不完整,宾语后必须再加上一个  成分(宾语补足语),其意义才完整。                    
Keep the window open.                    
让窗户开着。                    
The noi almost drove me mad.                    
噪音几乎使我发疯。
(2)不及物动词(vi.)不接宾语,不可用于被动语态
Whendidithappen?
Hewasshiveringallover.
常见的不及物动词:
ache,appear,ari,belong,collap,come,cough,crawl,creep,cry,die,dine,disappear,drift,exist,fall,flow,glide,go,happen,hesitate,itch,kneel,laugh,lie,live,occur,pau,remain,ri,sit,soar,sob,swim,travel,vanish,weep
很多动词既可以用作及物动词,也可以用作不及物动词,但是有时意思不同
不及物动词与介词搭配:
amountto,appealto,associatewith,believein,belongto,carefor,complainof,consistof,contributeto,dependon,emergefrom,feedon,hopefor,insiston,leadto,learnof,listento,longfor,objectto,referto,relateto,relyon,resortto,resultin,sufferfrom,thinkof,waitfor,etc.