初中英语语法精讲动词不定式用法(教案)精编版x

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不定式用法
不定式没有人称和数的化, 在句中不能独立作。 但不定式具有名、 形
容和副特征,在句中可以作主、、足、定、表和状等多种成分。
另外,不定式具有特点,可以有自己的和状,成不定式短。不
定式的肯定形式是 to+do;其否定形式是 notto+do。
下面以不定式在句中的作用来予以明。
1.作主
可以直接作主。如: Toeistobelieve.
但在英中,常用 it作形式主,真正的主即不定式放在后面。如:
It'swrongtoplaytricksonotherpeople.
It'sourdutytokeepourenvironmentcleanandtidy.
点律:不定式在句中作主,常放在 Itis+adj+(forsb.)+(not)todosth句
型中,表示人客事件的决断,意:做 ⋯..是⋯⋯的,it作形式主,真正的主
是todosth
Itisveryinterestingtoread.是有趣的
Itisufultoread.看是有用的
Itishealthytoruneveryday.每天跑步是健康的
Itisalittledifficultyformetoworkoutthisquestion. 解出道我来有点
Itisbadnottofinishhomework.不完成作是糟糕的
Itisbadtobelateforschool.到是糟糕的
Itis+adj+ofsb+(not)todosth 句型通常表示人客事件的惊、、懊悔、
等感情,与 Itis+adj+(forsb.)+(not)todosth的意不同。
Itisverykindofyoutotellmethetruth .你能告我事,真是太好了
Itisstupidofhimtodosuchasillything .他做那件傻事,真是太笨了
Itisverycleverofyoutoworkoutthisquestion. 你能解出道目,真是太明了
Itisverywiofyoutoreadthisnovel. 你看本小,真是太明智了
个句型中用介 of而不是for的原因是里的形容是用来形容人的品性格的。
似的有:careless,careful,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,naughty,
nice,silly,stupid,friendly
因此区分是用 Itis+adj+(forsb.)+(not)todosth是Itis+adj+ofsb+(not)todosth,要
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清楚adj修饰的是sb还是todosth
例如:Itisniceformetohavebreakfastwithyou(nice是指havebreakfastwithyou这件事)对于我来说,能和你一起吃早餐真好。
ItisniceofyoutohelphimwithhisEnglish. (nice是指you,形容人的品质)你帮他补****br/>英语,真是太好了。
2.作宾语
a.want,decide,agree,afford,agree,aim,appear,ask,believe,care,claim,
decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen,hesitate,hope,intend(有打算),learn,long(渴望),manage,offer,pretend,promi,prepare,refu,
ek,swear(发誓),undertake(承担),want,wish等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。
如:
Weagreedtostartearly.
Shewantstobeadoctor.
b.love,like ,begin,start,hate,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。
点击规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。
提示板:likedoing指经常性动作,而 liketodo指一次性的动作。如:
Ilikeswimming,butIdon'tliketoswimnow.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。
c.stop,forget,remember,goon,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。
点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。
提示板:
1)stoptodosth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。
stopdoingsth.:停止正在做的事。
2)forgettodosth:忘记要去做某事(未做)
forgetdoingsth:忘记做过某事(已做)
3)remembertodosth:记得去做某事(未做)
rememberdoingsth:记得做过某事(已做)
4)goontodosth:接着做另一件事(接下去做与原来不同的一件事)
goondoingsth:继续不停的做某事或间断后继续做原来没有做完的事
5)trytodosth:试着做某事(实际上意思是努力想做成某事 eg:Itriedtoescape,but
Ifailed.我努力着想逃走,但是没有成功)
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Trydoingsth:试着做某事(实际上是为了达到另外一个目的, -------"Sohot
here,isn'tit?"-------"Yes,whynottryturningontheairconditioner?"" 很热,是吧。"“恩,就是。
咱们开开空调吧,看看能不能凉快点儿。 ”)
例句:Whentheteachercamein,thestudentsstoppedtalking;whenhecameout,thestudents
stoppedtotalk.当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。
d.在find/feel+it+adj.+todosth.句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的
动词不定式。就是说不定式由 it代替,把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达:动词
(如find,think,consider,feel等)+it+ 形容词+不定式。如:
Sheconsidersitnecessarytomakefriendswithhim.
Wefinditdifficulttofinishallthehomeworkbefore9o ’clock.
Themandownstairsfounditdifficulttogettosleep .
Ifeeliteasytorecitethetext.
e.动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式:
这类动词常见的有 advi,decide,findout,forget,inquire,know,learn,e,regard,
remember,teach,tell,understand,wonder等。常见的疑问代 (副)词有:what,when,
where,which,how,whether等。
1.Hedoesnotknowwhentostart.
2.Youcandecidewhethertocontinueortostop.
3.Iwillshowyouhowtodealwithit.
3.作宾语补足语
a.tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,help等词后
面常接不定式作宾补。如:
Itellhimnottogotherebybus .
Edison'smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite.
b.let,make,have,e,hear,feel,watch,notice后面接不带 to的不定式作宾补。
如:
Thebossmakesthemwork16hoursaday.Iheardhersinginthenextroom.
提示板:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号 to要加上。如:
Theyaremadetowork16hoursadaybytheboss.
Shewasheardtosinginthenextroom.
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4.作定语:放在被修饰的名词、代词后面
例句:Ihavealotofworktodo.
Hecoulddonothingtohelptheboy.
Therewasreallynothingtofear.
Hegavemeaninterestingbooktoread
点击规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。
提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,若动词是不及物动词,
切记不要忘掉介词。如:
Ihaveasmallbedroomtolivein.
Haveyougotsomepenstowritewith?
Maryneedsafriendtoplaywith.
Thatgirlhasnothingtoworryabout.
Theyhaveastrictteachertolistento.
5.表语:放在连系动词 be后面
例句:Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
Thefirstimportantthingistosavethesoldiers'lives.
当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。
点击规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时, 通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。
6.作状语
a.目的状语:放在 go,come,u,live,inorder等词后面。如:
Icometoeyou.
Herunsfastinordertogetthereintime.
b.原因状语:放在 sorry,glad,surprid,disappointed,excited等词后面。如:
Iamgladtoeyouhere.
Iamsorrytotroubleyou.
c.作结果状语。如:
Someoftheapplesarehardtoreach.
Theroomislargeenoughtohold1000people.
7.与what,who,who,when,where,how等疑问词连用,作宾语、宾语补足语、
主语等。如: Idon'tknowwhattodonext.(宾语)
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Hetaughtushowtouthecomputer.(宾语补足语)
It'sstillaquestionhowtogetthere.(主语)
8、在动词 help之后可用不带 to的不定式,也可用带 to的不定式。例如:
1.Helptheoldlady(to)carrytheheavybox.
9、在hadbetter,wouldrather,may/mightaswell,ratherthan,cannotbut等搭配之后初
中英语语法总结,动词不定式也不带 to。例如:
1.Unlessyoufeeltoilltogoout,Iwouldrathernotstayathometonight.
2.Shecouldnotbutcriticizehisfoolishbehaviour.
10.在介词but,except之后,如果其前有动词 do的某种形式,其后不定式一般不带 to,反
之则必须带 to,表示“只能”。例如:
1.Hewilldoanythingexceptworkonthefarm .
2.Therewasnothingleftfortheenemytodobutsurrender.
3.Thespy间谍 wasbothhungryandcold;therewasnothingleftforhimbuttogivein .
4.Ihadnochoicebuttowaittillitstoppedraining .
11、下面一些短语是固定搭配,不带 to:
cannothelpbut,cannotchoobut,cannotbut,donothingbut,havenothingtodobut。例
如:
Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.
如果上述句中有 do,to省略:
IdidnothingbutwatchTVlastnight .
如果是下面一个固定搭配,就带 to:
Ihavenochoicebuttogiveupmyidea.
12、紧跟在why或whynot之后的动词不定式总是不带 to。但是,紧跟在who,what,which,
whether等连接词后的不定式带 to。例如:
Whystandupifyoucansitdown?
Whynotaskyourteacherwhenyoudon'tunderstandthemeaning?
Youneedn'tdecidewhethertostudyartsorscience.
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练****br/>单项选择
1.
Thechairlooksveryold,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_________.
A.sit
B.siton
C.besat
D.besaton
2.
Thepurpooftheplanisnottohelptheemployersbut______workforyoungpeople.
A.provide
B.toprovide
C.providing
D.provided
3.
Hearrivedattheofficeearly,______agoodexampletotheothers.
A.t
B.tot
C.tobet
D.havingt
4.
I'mafraidtheywouldnotallowhim________here.
A.tosmoke
B.smoking
C.smokes
D.smoke
5.
Welookedeverywhereforthekeys,buttheyarenowhere_____
A.tofind
B.tohavefound
C.tobefound
D.beingfound
6.
Mothertoldme________thewaterbeforeIdrankit.
A.boiling
B.boiled
C.boil
D.toboil
7.
Ittookusmorethantwohours
thedinner
Aprepare
Bpreparing
Ctoprepare
Dtobeprepared
8.Plearemember______theplantswhileI
’maway.
A.wateringB.tobewatering
C.towater
D.beingwatering
9.
______wine,firstyoumustpressthegrapes.
A.Making
B.Tomake
C.Tobemaking
D.Make
10.Johnwasmade_______thecarforaweekasapunishment.
A.towash
B.washing
C.wash
D.tobewashing
11.Asaresultofmylaziness,Ifailed________myworkintime.
A.andfinished
B.tofinish
C.andfinishing
D.tofinished
12.I
’llhavetochangemyclothesbeforeIgoout—Idon
’twant______likethis.
A.toe
B.tobeeing
C.tobeenD.beingen
13.Theworkerswantus
togetherwiththem.
Awork
Bworking
Ctowork
Dworked
14.Hepromid__________meanicecar.
A.buy
B.tobuy
C.bought
D.tohavebought
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15.Hewasmade
Ago
Bgone
Cgoing
Dtogo
16.You’dbetter________arestnow.
A.tohave
B.have
C.having
D.had
17.
I’mhungry.Getmesomething
Aeat
Btoeat
Ceating
Dforeating
18.
Peoplemuststop________downtrees.
A.tocut
B.cutting
C.cut
19.
Iwouldmendyourradio,butIdon
’tknow______.
A.how
B.to
C.howto
D.tohow
20.
Shedidnothing
atthephoto
Aexceptlook
Bbuttolook
Cexcepttolook
Dbutlooking
21.WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson_____.
A.tond
B.forndingitC.tondittoD.forndingitto
22.
“Haveyoudecidedwhen
?””Yes,tomorrowmorning”
Atoleave
Btobeleaving
Cwillyouleave
Dareyouleaving
23.
Weagreed
herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.
Ahavingmet
Bmeeting
Ctomeet
Dtohavemet
24.
I’drather_______acupofcoffee.
A.tohave
B.having
Chave
25.
Idon’tliketravelingbyboat,italwaysmakesme______sick.
A.tofeel
B.feeling
C.feel
【参考答案】
1—5BBBAC 6—10DCCBA 11—15BCCBD 16—20BBBCA 21—25CACCC
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