专业英语1

1.MetalsandTheirU
Vocabulary:
engineering[7endVi5niEriN]工程学
metal[5metl]金属
element[5elimEnt]元素
alloy[5AlCi]合金
iron[5aiEn]铁
carbon[5kB:bEn]碳
ferrous[5ferEs]含铁旳
nonferrous[5nCn5ferEs]不含铁旳
copper[5kCpE]铜
aluminum[E5lju:minEm]铝
lead[li:d]铅
zinc[ziNk]锌
tin[tin]锡
property[5prCpEti]性质
pure[pjuE]纯旳
plasticity[plAs5tisiti]塑性
ore[C:]矿石
mineral[5minErEl]矿物
impurity[im5pjuEriti]杂质
metallurgy[me5tAlEdVi]冶金
construction[kEn5strQkFEn]构造
combine[kEm5bain]结合
strength[streNW]强度
hardness[5hB:dnis]硬度
etc=etcetra等等,及其她
atom[5AtEm]原子
ion[5aiEn]离子
malleable[5mAliEbl]有延展性旳,可锻旳
gallium[5^AliEm]镓
cesium[5si:zjEm]铯
mercury[5mE:kjuri]水银,***
rubidium[ru:5bidiEm]铷
charge[tFB:dV]充电
metallic[mi5tAlik]金属(性)旳
accountfor阐明
Appending:
1.MeltingGallium
Galliummetalhasameltingpointof30°C,whichislowerthanourbodytemperature.Inthisphoto,asampleofgalliummeltsinaperson’shand.Gallium,mercury,cesium,andrubidiumaretheonlymetalelementsthatmeltnearroomtemperature.
2.Silver
Silver,atypicalmetal,consistsofaregulararrayofsilveratomsthathaveeachlostanelectrontoformasilverion.Thenegativelychargedelectronsdistributethemlvesthroughouttheentirepieceofmetalandformnondirectionalbondsbetweenthepositivesilverions.Thisarrangement,knownasmetallicbonding,accountsforthecharacteristicpropertiesofmetals:theyaregoodelectricalconductorsbecautheelectronsarefreetomovefromoneplacetoanother,andtheyaremalleablebecauthepositiveionsareheldtogetherbynondirectionalforces.Aforceappliedtoamalleablesubstanceshiftsthepositionsoftheatomswithout
2.PlasticsandOtherMaterials
Vocabulary:
plastic[5plAstik]塑料
preferable[5prefErEbl]更好旳
traditional[trE5diFEnl]老式旳
material[mE5tiEriEl]原料
comparison[kEm5pArisn]比较
corrode[kE5rEud]腐蚀
inorganic[7inC:5^Anik]无机旳
sulphuric[sQl5fjuErik]硫磺旳
hydrochloric[7haidrEu5klC:rik]盐酸旳
solvent[5sClvEnt]溶解旳
tetrachloride[7tetrE5klC:raid]四***化物
rigid[5ridVid]钢硬旳
deform[di:5fC:m]变形
specificgravity比重
readily[5redili]容易地
conduct[5kCndQkt]传导
electricity[ilek5trisiti]电
shape[Feip]成形
plasticity[plAs5tisiti]塑性
temperature[5tempritFE]温度
mold[mEuld]模子
laborious[lE5bC:riEs]费力旳
asmbly[E5mbli]装配
exploit[iks5plCit]开发
entirely[in5taiEli]完全地
valve[vAlv]阀
decoration[7dekE5reiFEn]装饰
spare[spZE]备用旳
surgery[5sE:dVEri]外科
adapt[E5dApt]改制
dueto由于
technique[tek5ni:k]技术
fabricate[5fAbrikeit]制作
injectionmolding注塑法
blowmolding吹塑法
compressionmolding压塑法
extrusion[eks5tru:VEn]挤压
vacuumforming真空成形
thermoplastic[7WE:mE5plAstik]热塑性塑料
calender[5kAlindE]以压光机压光
pellet[5pelit]小球
drape[dreip]遮盖
thermotting[7WE:mEu5tiN]热硬化性旳
laminate[5lAmineit]碾压,层压
matrix[5meitriks]基板
tube[5tju:b]管,管子
fu[fju:z]熔合
melt[melt](使)融化,(使)熔化,使软化
inflate[in5fleit]使膨胀,使充气
Appending
1.HowThermoplasticsareFormed
Thermoplasticsareplasticsthatcanbehardenedandmeltedmorethanonce.Inthecalenderingprocess,continuousplasticsheetsareformedbyforcinghotplasticbetweensuccessivetsofheatedrollers.
Injectionmoldingusascrewtopushplasticthroughaheatedtubeintoamold.
Extrusionisacontinuousprocessthatheatsplasticpelletsinalongbarrel.Ascrewpushestheheatedplasticthroughadieopeningtoformobjectssuchasgardenhoandpiping.
Inthermoforming,ahotplasticsheetisdrapedoveramoldandavacuumdrawstheplasticdownintothemold.
Blowmoldingformscontainersfromsoft,hollowplastictubesthathaveamoldfittedaroundtheoutside.Thetubeisheated,andairinjectedintotheheatedtubeexpandstheplasticagainstthewallsofthemold.
2.HowThermottingPlasticsareFormed
Thermottingplasticsareplasticsthatcannotberemeltedoncetheyhavehardened.Compressionmoldingformsthermottingplasticobjectsinasteelmold.Whenheatandpressureareapplied,thesoftenedplasticsqueezesintoallpartsofthemoldtoformthedesiredshape.
Laminatingbindslayersofmaterialstogetherinaplasticmatrix.Thelayersarefudwhenheatedplatesmelttheplasticandsqueezethematerialtogether.
3.BlowFilmExtrusion
Aprocessknownasblowfilmextrusionusanindustrialblowertoexpandahotplastictubeintoalight,strongplasticbag.Theairinflatestheplastictubelikeaballoon,untilabagwiththedesiredshape,size,andwallthicknessisformed.
3.CastingandDie-CastingAlloys
Vocabulary:
cast[5kB:st]锻造(过程)
casting[5kB:stiN]铸件
die-casting模铸
principle[5prinsEpl]原则
foundry[5faundri]锻造(技术)
pour[pC:]灌注
fraction[5frAkFEn]小部分
composition[kCmpE5ziFEn]成分
suitability[9sjU:tE`bilEti]合适性
intricate[5intrikit]复杂旳
pigiron生铁
furnace[5fE:nis]熔炉
cupola[5kju:pElE]化铁炉
ladle[5leidl]杓子
graphite[5^rAfait]石磨
stick[stik]粘住
solidify[sE5lidifai]凝固
ingot[5iN^Et]锭铁
classify[5klAsifai]分类
resist[ri5zist]抵制
relatively[5relEtivli]有关地
magnesium[mA^5ni:zjEm]镁
maintenance[5meintinEns]维护
erosion[i5rEuVEn]腐蚀
checking[5tFekiN]裂纹
destructive[dis5trQktiv]破坏性旳
die[dai]模
mold[mEuld]模
retard[ri5tB:d]阻碍
govern[5^QvEn]控制
hollow[5hClEu]中空旳
erosive[i5rEusiv]腐蚀性旳
disjoin[dis5dVCin]拆散
solvent[5sClvEnt]溶解旳
respective[ris5pektiv]分别旳
pronounced[p5naunst]明显旳
ldom[5ldEm]很少
whereas[wZEr5Az]然而
copper-baalloy铜基合金
coke[kEuk]焦炭
limestone[5laimstEun]石灰石
strongsteel高强度钢
flask[flB:sk]砂箱
cure[si5kjuE]紧闭
bloom[blu:m]块钢
slab[slAb]厚平板
white-hot白热旳
continue[kEn5tinju:]延伸
mill[5mil]轧压
soakingpit均热炉
wind[waind]缠绕
coil[kCil]卷
Appending
1.SteelProduction
Moltenpigironispouredintoabasicoxygenfurnaceforconversiontosteel.Steelisaformofironproducedfromironore,coke,andlimestoneinfurnace.Excesscarbonandotherimpuritiesareremovedtomakeastrongsteel.
2.PipeCasting
Foundingisaprocessofproducingmetalcastings.Figure1showsthepipetobeproduced.Thepatternforthiscastingisshowninfigure2.Figure3showsthetopandbottomofthewoodenflaskinwhichthemoldismade.Moldingsandispackedaroundthepattern,asshowninfigure4.Infigure5,acorehasbeenplacedwithinthemold.Whentheotherhalfofthemoldiscured,themoldisreadyforpouring.
3.HotRollingandContinuousCasting
Continuouscastingisamethodofworkingsteelthatconveyssteelfromitsmoltenstatetoblooms,ingots,orslabs.Thewhite-hotmetalispouredintoopen-endedmoldsandcontinuedonthroughrollerscooledbywater.Ariesofguiderollersfurthershapesthesteelintothedesiredform.However,hotrollingisstilltheprimarymeansofmillingsteel.Thisprocessbeginswithpre-shapedsteelslabs,whicharereheatedinasoakingpit.Thesteelpassthroughariesofmills:thebloomingmill,theroughingmill,andthefinishingmill,whichmakeitprogressivelythinner.Finally,thesteeliswoundintocoilsandtransportedelwhereforfurtherprocessin
Vocabulary:
forging[5fC:dViN]锻造
blow[blEu]忽然旳打击
press[pres]压力机
squeeze[skwi:z]压榨
deform[di:5fC:m]变形
impact[5impAkt]撞击
ction[5kFEn]截面
vertical[5vE:tikEl]垂直旳
clodimpressiondie封闭式型腔模具
strike[straik]打击
cavity[5kAviti]腔
block[blCk]坯料
dropforging落锤锻
mechanically[mi5kAnikEli]机械地
hydraulically[hai5drC:likli]液压地
capacity[kE5pAsiti]能力
ram[rAm]锤头
perform[pE5fC:m]完毕
maximum[5mAksimEm]最大旳
mount[maunt]安装
individual[7indi5vidjuEl]个别旳
draft[drB:ft]拔模斜度
complicated[5kCmplikeitid]复杂旳
extrude[eks5tru:d]挤压成
transmit[trAnz5mit]传播
foundation[faun5deiFEn]基座
symmetrical[si5metrikEl]对称旳
tolerance[5tClErEns]公差
irregular[i5re^julE]不规则旳
sizingoperation精加工
roughly[5rQfli]粗糙旳
desire[di5zaiE]但愿
dimension[di5menFEn]尺寸
roll[5rEul]轧制
furnace[5fE:nis]炉子
indicate[5indikeit]批示
pyrometer[7paiE5rCmitE]高温计
exact[i^5zAkt]精确旳
brass[brB:s]黄铜
hammer[5hAmE]落锤
clo[klEuz]接近旳
overheat[7EuvE5hi:t]过热
judge[dVQdV]判断
anvil[5Anvil]铁砧
crucial[5kru:FEl]至关紧要旳
Appending
1.BlacksmithatWork
Sometimescalledsmithing,orblacksmithing,handforgingisthesimplestformofforginganditisoneofthemethodsbywhichmetalwasfirstworked.Themetaltobeforgedisfirstheatedtoredheatinthefireofaforge,andthenisbeatenintoshapeonametalanvilwithhammers.
2.Red-hotSteel
Steelstructuralcomponentsglowinatemperatureofthousandsofdegreesinafurnace.Intenheatiscrucialinthemetallurgyofironandsteel,sincethemetalscanbemoreeasilyworkedbyprocesssuchashammering,rolling,andsoon,whentheyarehot.
Aningot,red-hotandmalleablefromthehightemperatureofthesoakingpit,isliftedoutofthefurnaceforfurtherprocessing.Asthesteelisworkedandreheated,itbecomesstronger.
5.SolderingandWelding
Vocabulary:
article[5B:tikl]物品
particle[5pB:tikl]微粒
soldering[5sCldEriN]软焊,锡焊,低温焊接
solder[5sCldE]焊料
meltingpoint熔点
lightarticlesofsteel薄钢件
bismuth[5bizmEW]铋
cadmium[5kAdmiEm]镉
brass[brB:s]黄铜
braze[breiz]铜焊
rivete[5rivit]铆定
weld[weld]焊接;焊缝
adopt[E5dCpt]采用
permanent[5pE:mEnEnt]永久旳
flame[fleim]火焰
thoroughly[5WQrEli]彻底旳
oxidation[Cksi5deiFEn]氧化
film[film]薄膜
oxide[5Cksaid]氧化物
flux[flQks]焊剂
employ[im5plCi]使用
fusion[5fju:VEn]熔化
oxy-acetylene[CksiE5tili:n]氧乙炔旳
torch[tC:tF]火炬
electrode[i5lektrEJd]电极
metallic[mi5tAlik]金属旳
insulate[5insjuleit]绝缘
filler[5filE]填充物
rod[rCd]杆
struck[strQk]击穿
slight[slait]轻微旳
overlap[5EuvE5lAp]交迭
trap[trAp]汇集
dirt[dE:t]脏物
dissolve[di5zClv]溶解
butt[bQt]平接
shield[Fi:ld]保护,防护
actinic[Ak5tinik]光化学旳
ray[rei]光线,射线
lining[5lainiN]内层
tint[tint]浅色
Appending
ArcWelding