最高级形容词国际交流.pdf

EvaluationWarning:Thedocumentwascreatedwithfor.
[英语学****最高级形容词
454在3个或更多人或东西中,某种品质的最高程度通常都以最高级表示,可用在名词前面
作为限制性形容词,或用在其他位置,作为非限制性形容词。
1.限制性用法
455在最高级用在名词前面时,通常前面要加the:
ThehighestmountainisinChina.
Hehastheprettiesthouinthisvillage.
Themóst(重读)exquisitewatchcomesfromSwitzerland.
Themóst(重读)intelligentstudentinthisclasscomesfromthecountryside.
456如果前面不加the,most有特殊意思,变作修饰名词的形容词,表示“次数”,而不是
像上面例句中那样作修饰形容词的副词,表示“最”:
Móstexquisitewatches(复数)comefromSwetzerland.
Móstintelligentstudentsinthisclasscomefromthecountryside.
457如果前面加a,most表示“非常”,“极端”,“特别”等意思。这种表示极大程度,而不
进行“比较”的最高级,称为绝对最高级(AbsoluteSuperlative),和它相对,表示最高程
度并进行“比较”的称为相对最高级(RelativeSuperlative):
Heisamostintélligentstudent.
Hehasamostéxquisitewatch.
Itisamostkínd(不用kindest)offer.
Heleadsamostháppy(不用happiest)life.
458如果前面不加a,后面跟有一个复数名词或不可数名词,most(不重读)仍然表示“非
常”:
Theyaremostintélligentstudents.
Hehasmostexquisitewatches.
Heeatsmostnutritiousfood.
Mostdifficultworkhasbeenassignedtome.
459在复数名词及不可数名词前,-est也和most一样,可表示“非常”,“极为”这类意思:
Ithaxistedsinceéarliest(=veryearly)(重读并拉长)days.(复数可数名词)
Hrreceivedmygiftwithwármestthanks.
Heisamanofgréatestability(不可数名词).
Ioweyoudéepestgratitude.
Therewasclóstintimacybetweenthem.
460甚至在加the时,最高级有时也可表示“非常”,“极为”这类意思:
Hespoketomeinthekindest(=verykind)terms.
Hehasthewórst(=extremelybad)opinionaboutme.
Hemadetherúdestremarkbeforeher.
461在指示性形容词后,最高级也可以是绝对的(即表示“非常”,“极为”等意思):
Hisdéarestsonisalwaysathand.
Everysmállesttroublewillgiveherabigheadache.
Somelárgeststreetsarebeingbuilt.
Nofáintesthopeisinsight.
462用在名词前面,具有限制作用的相对最高级,不仅前面要加the,而且常常跟有一个表
示比较的范围的东西,它可以是单词1),短语2),从句3)或是一个省略的成分4)(这时比
较的范围很明显)。跟有这类东西的最高级前必须加the:EvaluationWarning:Thedocumentwascreatedwithfor.
1)Itisthebestbookimaginable(oravailable,conceivable,possible,known).(形
容词)(这时也可放在最高级及名词之间,如bestimaginablebook.)
Heisthemostviciousvillainalive(orliving).
2)It'sthelargestriverintheworld.(介词短语)
Ispoketotheoldestmemberamongus(orofall).
Thatisthebestgameattheteaparty.
IliketoreadDickens,thegreatestEnglishnovelistinthe19thcentury.
Itmaybethelargestbridgeeverbuiltbyman.(分词)
Itisthelargestbridgeevercrossingtheriver.
JohnwillbeouryoungestsontobetakentoParis.(不定式)
Shakespearewillbethemostinterestingsubjectforstudentstostudy.
3)IamdrivingthebestcarthatIcanget(orthatmancanmake).(从句)
HeisthemosthonestmanIeverknow(oryouhaveeveren,theeartheverproduced,
thereis).
Heisoneofthegreatestpoetsthathaveeverbeenborn.
Heistheonlyoneofthegreatestpoets,thathaswrittenonthissubject.
4)Thisisthebestdictionary(thatIknow).(表示相比范围的部分省略掉)
Whereisthenearestpostoffice(fromhere)?
Thislargeststreet(inthiscity)wasbuiltyearsago.
Letmetellyouthehappiestnews(thatwecanget).
463最高级后面的名词(主体词)有时可省略,这时最高级前的the必须保留。
Hereadthebookfromthefirstpagetothelast(page).
Theeldestsonistwenty,andtheyoungest(son)isten.
464后面跟有of引出的短语中包含有同一名词时,前面名词必须省略:
Heisthebest(member)ofallmembers.
在用“最高级+butone”时,后面的名词必须省略,以避免重复:
Heisthebeststudentbutone(student).(=Heisthecondbeststudent.)
465在“the+最高级+of+复数名词”这种结构中,最高级可以是绝对的,也可以是相对的:
Sheisthewist(woman)ofwomen(=anextremelywiwoman).(绝对)
Sheisthewist(woman)ofthewomen(=awomanwirthantheothers).(相对)
Helivesinthequietest(place)ofplaces(=anextremelyquietplace).(绝对)
Helivesinthequietest(place)oftheplaces(=aplacequieterthantheothers).(相
对)
HeusuallyeatsattheDiamond,themostpopularofrestaurants,thelargestofany
restaurant.
Itisthedirtiestofmoney.
Hewritesthemostbeautifulofpoetry,themostoriginalofnovels.
Hewishesmethebestofhealth.
Heisinthebestofcompany.
Ididitwiththegreatestofcare.
466在上面这类结构中,间或在of后重复前面形容词(用原级),表示强调:
Hewroteherthetenderestoftenderletters.
Thisisthestrangestofstrangecities.
Heisthepoorestofthepoor,themosthumbleofthehumble.HeisthemightiestEvaluationWarning:Thedocumentwascreatedwithfor.
ofthemighty,thewickedestofthewicked.
467这类“of+the+最高级”结构也可用作补语,表示“非常”,“极为”等意思:
Hisdressisofthe(verypoor).(绝对)
Thestreetisofthe(=extremelynarrow).
Hisreignisofthemostpowerful.
Thewoundisoftheslightest.
468最高级后的people常可省略,表示某类的人:
Themostfortunate(people)nevercareaboutthemostunfortunate(people).
Thestrongestoppresstheweakest.
Thehighestandthelowesthaveallbeeninvited.
469在个别词组中最高级的主体词常常省略:
Wellonlythebest(goods).
Theworst(luck)alwayscomestothepoorest.
470如果主体词为可数名词,也可用one或ones代替:
Hekeepsthelargestfishesandthrowawaythesmallestones.Allhischildrengo
toschoolexceptthesmallestone(=child).
471相对最高级形容词常可和介词构成一个短语,不仅主体词不出现,连the有时也不出现:
Atfirst,hedidnotbelieveme,butatlastheregretted.
Hehasatleastamilliondollars,butspendsatmosttwentydollarsaday.
Heisat(the)worstaminister,butatbestacondratefather.
ItoldhimtoreturnnextSundayat(the)latest,buthesaidhewouldreturnnext
monthat(the)earliest.
472最高级有时表示某人或某物处于“最„„”状态,这时可说是一种自我比较。常见的这
类用法是“及物动词+物主代词+最高级+(被省略的宾语)+副词短语(从句)”:
Shesanghersweetest(song)lastnight.(=Shesangbetterlastnightthanshesang
atanyothertime.)
Shesmiledherpleasantestwhensheheardthegoodnews.
Thenoireacheditsloudest(now).(如果意思明显,副词或副词短语也可省略。)
Thewindblewitsfiercest(gale)intheeasternprovinces.(=Thewindblewmore
fiercelyintheeasternprovincesthanitblewinanyotherplace.)
IstudiedthehardestwhileIwasatmycountryhou.
Suddenlyquestioned,Istaredmy(very)hardest.
Havingheardmyremark,shelaughedherheartiest.
注:在这种句子中很少用most构成最高级。
473这种自我比较也常见于“系动词+at+物主代词+最高级+副词短语或从句”这类句子中:
Sheisathermostsorrowfultoday.
Heisathis(very)happiestwhenheesher.
Johnwasathismostenthusiasticwhenhewaspraid.Thisartistisathisworst
attheparty.
ShakespeareisathisgreatestinHamlet.
如果意思明显,状语可以省略:
Thehurricaneisatits(orthe)fiercest.
除了系动词,偶尔还可和其他动词一起用:
Themoonshoneatitsbrightest.EvaluationWarning:Thedocumentwascreatedwithfor.
474在这类结构中,主体词有时也可出现:
Myfortunesareattheirlowestebb.
Thevillageisnowatits(orthe)prettiestmoment.
Thepartywasatitsheight.(有最高级意义的名词)
Thetideisatitsfull.
Hiscareerwasthenatitsaper(orclimax).
IsawMaryathergayest.
Athismostangry,Johnwillcur.
2.非限制性用法
475除了用在名词前面,最高级还可用在其他位置。如果前面有the,则是相对最高级,否
则就是相对最高级或绝对最高级:
Johnisthemostintelligent(one).(=Johnismoreintelligentthantheothers.)
(相对)
Johnismostintelligent.(=Johnismoreintelligentthantheothers,or,Johnis
veryintelligent.)(相对或绝对)Youaremostkind.(绝对)
Russianis(the)mostdifficult.
Johnis(the)happiest.
Thismethodems(the)easiestandsimplest.
Firstimpressionsare(the)deepest.
IfindJohn(the)mostintelligent.
MaryleftJohn(the)happiest.
Itriedtomakethemethod(the)easiestandsimplest.(The)Mostintelligent,John
pasdtheexaminationwithhonours.
(The)Easiestandsimplest,thismethodwillhelpincreatheproductionoffood.
476最高级若跟有表示比较范围的成分,前面必须加the:
Thismethodemstheeasiestinthisarea.
Thisriveristhelargestofall.
Thisgirlwasthemostbeautifulinhercollegdays.ThisisthebestIcando.
Mywifeisthemoststubbornthatahusbandhaverhandled.
477非限制性最高级也可用于自我比较:
Shelookedprettiestthatevening(=prettierthateveningthanherlfatanyother
time).
(但:Shelookedtheprettiestthatevening=Shelookedprettierthananyothergirl
thatevening.)
Oystersarefattestinwinter.
Thesunismostbeautifulatdawn.
Thepagodalooksmostimpressiveagainstthesun.
Theriverisdeepesthere.
间或也需加the,以避免把most理解为“非常”:
Thisplayeristhemostsuccessfulinthetragedy.Iwasthemostproudwhensheagreed
tomarryme.
3.结束语
478最高程度可有几种表示方法。下面5个句子意思几乎相同:
Johnisthemostintelligentof(oramong)allthestudents.EvaluationWarning:Thedocumentwascreatedwithfor.
Johnismoreintelligentthanalltheotherstudents,(He'soneofthem.)
Johnismoreintelligentthanallthestudents.(He'snotoneofthem.)
No(other)studentissointelligentasJohn.
Johnisasintelligentasanystudent.
注:moreintelligent这样的比较级和as(so)intelligent这样的原级也可用来表示最高
程度。
479下面四句话意思基本上相同:
Richardisoneofthebeststudents.
Richardisamong(oroneof)thebeststudents.
RichardandMaryareamong(不是oneof)thebeststudents.(among这个词可用在复
数主语后面,oneof却不能。)
Richardisbetterthanmoststudents.
VeryfewstudentsaresogoodasRichard.
480下面句子意思都一样:
Thisisthelongestriverbutoneinthiscountry.
Thisisthecondlongestriverinthiscountry.
Thisisthenextlongestriverinthiscountry.
Thisisthenexttothelongestriverinthiscountry.
发短消息
帖子8609精华38积分502阅读权限100在线时间214小时注册时间2009-9-6最后登
录2010-5-12
帖子8609精华38积分502威望395点金钱6215金币贡献值0点好评度0点在线
时间214小时注册时间2009-9-6最后登录2010-5-12
2#
发表于2009-10-114:24|只看该作者
在下面句子中最高级都是相对的:
1)Helovesherthemosttenderly.
Johndiditthemostskillfully.EvaluationWarning:Thedocumentwascreatedwithfor.
Shesangthemostbeautifully.
2)Johnranthefastestandreachedthegoalthesoonest.
Johnwasbornthefirst.
Sheshoutedtheloudest,soIhatedherthemost.Hediditthequickest,soIliked
himthebest.Ilikeittheleast.
Respecteverybody—mostofallyourparents.
Donotcheatanybody—leastofallyourparents.Ineversmoke—leastofallbefore
women.
在上面句子中the可以省略。如果那样,第一类句子中的带most的最高级可以是相对的,也
可以是绝对的。
TOP
发短消息
帖子8609精华38积分502阅读权限100在线时间214小时注册时间2009-9-6最后登
录2010-5-12
帖子8609精华38积分502威望395点金钱6215金币贡献值0点好评度0点在线
时间214小时注册时间2009-9-6最后登录2010-5-12
3#
发表于2009-10-114:24|只看该作者
量词(Quantitatives)和不可数名词一起用,如much(milk),little(courage);数词
(Numericals)和可数名词一起用,如many(hous),five(students)。在morewater
和lotsofdanger中,more和lotsof分别为量词,而在morepeople和lotsofpeople
中,more和lotsof都是数词。量词、数词可以是一个词,如much,most,numerous,也可
以是一组词,如agreatmany,alotof,agreatnumberof,fivebagsof,tenpounds
of,这类词组大多数以of结尾,可以用作形容词,把of省略掉时可用作名词。
EvaluationWarning:Thedocumentwascreatedwithfor.
483量词和数词都可以用作1)限制形容词,2)作补语用形容词,3)代词,4)名词,量
词甚至还可用作5)副词:
1)Hehasmanyfriends.(在名词前作限制形容词)
Doeshedrinkmuchwatereveryday?
2)Hisfriendsaremany.(在系动词后作补语形容词)
Ifindhisdemandtoomuchforher.(在宾补动词后作宾语补语形容词)
3)Iknowfewpeople,butheknowsmany.(代词many=形容词many+被省略的名词people)
Theworkhasbeenstarted,andmuchhasbeendone.(代词much=形容词much+被省略的
名词work)
4)Manyreadforpleasure.(名词many不代表前面提的任何词,而仅仅指人。只有数词可
以这样用。)
Fewarefreefromfaults.
Muchcanbedone.(名词much不代表前面提的任何词,只能指读者很容易猜到的东西。只
有量词可以这样用。)
Iknowlittleoflife.
5)Youshouldsleepmore.(副词,修饰动词)
Itismoredifficult.(修饰形容词)
Heworkslessdiligentlythanyou.(修饰另一副词)
Heismoreinlovewithherthanheems.(修饰介词短语)(只有量词可用作副词,数
词不能。)
484当量词和数词用作代词和名词时,它们仍具有形容词的特点,前面可以有一个副词(多
为程度副词)修饰它们:
Veryfewcanunderstandthispoem.
Notmuchhasbeensaid.
Heisnotsatisfiedwithsolittle.
EvaluationWarning:Thedocumentwascreatedwithfor.
Onlythreehavecome.
Isayasmuch.
Heknowsbutlittle.
Hewantsmuchmore.
Iwantalittleless.
Johncansupplyuswithagreatdealmore.
485Few(或some,many,veral,most)ofthecities和few(或some等)cities是
不同的。前者表示整个数目中的一部分,而后者没有这种意义。同样,little(或much,some,
most)oftherice和little(或much等)rice也是不同的。前者表示整个数量中的一部分。
不过littleofdanger,moreofcourage,theleastofwork和littledanger,morecourage,
theleastwork却有相同意思。抽象概念无法分成若干部分,加上of只是出于音韵上的考
虑。
486“be+量词+of”可表示各种程度的肯定与否定:
Heismuchofascholar.(=Heisquiteascholar.)
Heislittle(ornothing)ofadoctor.(=Heishardlyornotadoctor.)
Johnwasalittleofaliar.(=Johnwasratheraliar.)
Johnwasmoreofabusinessmanthanapainter.(=Hewasratherabusinessmanthan
apainter.)
Itislessofaschoolthanaprison.(=Itisratheraprisonthanaschool.)
Itisnotsomuchaschoolasaprison.(意思与上句相同)
Itisnotenoughofagoodmachine.
Itistoomuchofagoodthing.
(比较:Youcannothavetoomuchofagoodthing.)
487“e+量词+of”表示看见某人的频率:
Isawmuchofhim.(=Ioftensawhim.)
EvaluationWarning:Thedocumentwascrea