英语专业八级考试阅读理解练习.pdf

英语专业八级考试阅读理解练****br/>Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedas
ameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhite
manimposhisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbytting
firetocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinother
respectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence–asifitwerea
legitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,is
therealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemay
wearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewhole
oftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtus
absolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmore
acute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomesto
lightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.
Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandherdertoget
ahearing.Theyaredespid,mistrustedandevenpercutedbytheirownkindbecauthey
advocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesinto
violentactswereputtogoodu,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,
atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhave
gonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemess
thatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfillthe
idealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutions
areeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,
providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.
Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemust
appreciateeachother'sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerci
incommunication,inexchanginginformation."Talk,talk,talk,"theadvocatesofviolencesay,"all
youeverdoistalk,andwearenonethewir."It'sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarrister
whopainstakinglyexplainedhiscatothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudge
complainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewir."Possible,mylord,"thebarristerreplied,
"nonethewir,butsurelyfarbetterinformed."Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisiteto
wisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.
1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?
[A]AdvocatingViolence.
[B]ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.
[C]ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.
[D]TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.
2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus
[A]violenceneversolvesanything.[B]nothing.[C]thebloodshedmeansnothing.[D]
everything.
3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen
[A]can'tgetahearing.[B]arelookeddownupon.[C]arepercuted.[D]Havedifficultyin
advocatinglawenforcement.
4."Hewasnonethewir"means
[A]hewasnotatallwiinlistening.
[B]Hewasnotatallwirthannothingbefore.
[C]Hegainsnothingafterlistening.
[D]Hemakesnonoftheargument.
5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis
[A]lawenforcement.[B]knowledge.[C]nonviolence.[D]Moppinguptheviolentmess.
难句译注:
1.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomes
tothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.
【结构简析】whenitcomestothecrunch=when/ifthedecisivemomentcomes.当关键时刻来
到时。
【参考译文】真正令人可怖的,令人绝望的是,在关键时刻,人们意识到我们一点儿也没有
进步/前进。
2.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.
【结构简析】inthewakeof在…之后。
【参考译文】由于我们不得不清理掉暴力之后所留下的烂摊子,我们的力量因此削弱了。
3.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnone
thewir.
【结构简析】none+the+比较级。固定用法,义:notatall一点儿也不。EX:Afterthetreatment,
heisnonethebetter.治疗后,他并没有因此见好,(一点儿也不见好)。
【参考译文】听了律师的长篇解释,法官抱怨说他一无所获,并不因此变得聪明些。
4.Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom.
【参考译文】知识是智慧的必要的先决条件。结合上下文这里意思是:了解情况是解决问题
的先决条件。句子后面的解释:知识是指了解它欲以解决暴力制造的恶行。
答案详解:
1.B暴力难以消除种族偏见。文章一开始就提出有些国家种族偏见严重,而暴力却是公认的
一种解决方法。白人采用暴力***,黑人以防火、掠抢为反抗。而双方的大人物平静地论及
暴力,似乎这是一种合法的解决方案。作者就此指出人类的进步只在于表面――衣饰等,人
类的本能没有改变。整个有记录历史的文件没有教会人类任何东西。这是真正令人可怕的事
件。第二段论及真正有理智的懂得解决方案所在的人鼓吹法制,人们不停。他们反而收到轻
视、迫害。作者就此提出假设,答出真正的解决方案嗜法制,以法治理。
第三段进一步说明“交流、对话”是了解双方问题的前提,即使暴力者不同意,但知道暴力制
造它假装要解决的罪恶,是智慧聪明的必要前提。
A.鼓吹暴力。C.双方重要人物都把暴力作为合法的解决方案。D.人类的本性是嗜暴性。
2.B没有什么。第一段中就明确提出整个人类有记录历史又长又臭的暴力文件记录,一点都
没有教给我们任何东西。
A.暴力解决不了任何事情。C.杀戮(流血)没有任何意义。D.一切。
3.D在鼓吹法制方面有困难。答案在第二段,真正有理智的人鼓吹法制,遭到同类们的轻视、
不信任和迫害。他们发现要人倾听他们的意见越来越困难。
A.人们不听。B.遭人轻视。C.遭人迫害。这三项都包含在D项内。
4.C听后无所得。Nonethewir一点也不比以前聪明(这是按字面翻译)。实际就是C项。
A.在倾听别人上他一点也不聪明。B.他和以前一个样。D.他听不懂论点。
5.A法制。第二段最后一句,如果我们在法律的构架中进行工作,真正的持久的解决总是能
实现的。第二段第二句,他们遭到迫害是因为他们鼓吹法制这种显然令人不能容忍的事。
B.知识。C.非暴力。D.处理暴力带来的混乱。
Thetouristtradeisbooming.Withallthiscomingandgoing,you'dexpectgreaterunderstanding
todevelopbetweenthenationsoftheworld.Notabitofit!Superbsystemsofcommunicationby
air,aandlandmakeitpossibleforustovisiteachother'scountriesatamoderatecost.What
wasoncethe'grandtour',rervedforonlytheveryrich,isnowwithineverybody'sgrasp?
Thepackagetourandcharteredflightsarenottobesneeredat.Moderntravelernjoyalevelof
comfortwhichthelordsandladiesongrandtoursintheolddayscouldn'thavedreamedof.But
what'sthenofthismasxchangeofpopulationsifthenationsoftheworldremainbasically
ignorantofeachother?
Manytouristorganizationsaredirectlyresponsibleforthisstateofaffairs.Theydeliberately
touttoprotecttheirclientsfromtoomuchcontactwiththelocalpopulation.Themoderntourist
leadsacosted,shelteredlife.Helivesatinternationalhotels,whereheeatshisinternational
foodandsipshisinternationaldrinkwhilehegazesatthenativesfromadistance.Conducted
tourstoplacesofinterestarecarefullycensored.Thetouristisallowedtoeonlywhatthe
organizerswanthimtoeandnomore.Astrictschedulemakesitimpossibleforthetouristto
wanderoffonhisown;andanyway,languageisalwaysabarrier,soheisonlytoohappyto
beprotectedinthisway.Atitsveryworst,thisleadstoanewandhideouskindofcolonization.
Thesummerquartersoftheinhabitantsoftheciteuniversitaire:aretemporarilyreestablishedon
theislandofCorfu.BlackpoolisrecreatedatTorremolinoswherethetravelergoesnottoeat
paella,butfishandchips.
Thesadthingaboutthissituationisthatitleadstothepersistenceofnationalstereotypes.We
don'tethepeopleofothernationsastheyreallyare,butaswehavebeenbroughtuptobelieve
theyare.Youcantestthisforyourlf.Takefivenationalities,say,French,German,English,
AmericanandItalian.Nowinyourmind,matchthemwiththefiveadjectives:musical,
amorous,cold,pedantic,native.Farfromprovidinguswithanyinsightintothenational
characteristicsofthepeoplesjustmentioned,theadjectivesactuallyactasbarriers.Sowhen
youtoutonyourtravels,theonlycharacteristicsyounoticearethowhichconfirmyour
preconceptions.Youcomeawaywiththehighlyunoriginalandinaccurateimpressionthat,say,
'Anglo-Saxonsarehypocrites'ofthat'Latinpeoplesshoutalot'.Youonlyhavetomakeafew
foreignfriendstounderstandhowabsurdandharmfulnationalstereotypesare.Buthowcanyou
makeforeignfriendswhenthetouristtradedoesitsbesttopreventyou?
Carriedtoanextreme,stereotypescanbepositivelydangerous.Wildgeneralizationsstirup
racialhatredandblindustothebasicfact〞howtriteitsounds!每Thatallpeoplearehuman.
Weareallsimilartoeachotherandatthesametimeallunique.
1.Thebesttitleforthispassageis
[A]Tourismcontributesnothingtoincreasingunderstandingbetweennations.
[B]Tourismistiresome.
[C]Conductedtourisdull.
[D]Tourismreallydoessomethingtoone'scountry.
2.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtourism?
[A]apprehensive.[B]negative.[C]critical.[D]appreciative.
3.WhichwordinthefollowingisthebesttosummarizeLatinpeopleshoutalot?
[A]silent.[B]noisy.[C]lively.[D]active.
4.Thepurpooftheauthor'scriticismistopointout
[A]conductedtourisdisappointing.
[B]thewayoftouringshouldbechanged.
[C]whentraveling,younoticecharacteristicswhichconfirmpreconception.
[D]nationalstereotypesshouldbechanged.
5.Whatis'grandtour'now?
[A]moderatecost.
[B]localsight-eingisinvestigatedbythetouristorganization.
[C]peopleenjoythefirst-ratecomforts.
[D]everybodycanenjoythe'grandtour'。
答案详解
1.A旅游对增进民族了解毫无建树。第二段开始点出,许多旅游组织直接负责旅游事
宜,他们有意识不让旅游者接触当地居民,让他们过着一种关怀备至又与世隔绝的生活。住
的是国际饭店,吃的是国际食品,喝的是国际饮料,在原处观看当地居民。严格有序的计划
使旅游者难以自己一人闲逛,语言的障碍,又使他们乐意接受保护。第三段涉及坚持民族模
式化――老一套的想法,所以一开始旅游,你见到的民族特性就只是证实了你自己设想的基
本事实――所有人民都是人。类只有交朋友才能知道民族模式是多么荒谬、有害,可是旅行
社竭力制止,你又怎么能交上外国朋友呢?这一切说明A项对。
B.旅游很累。C.导游观光很单调乏味。D.旅游确实对国家有贡献。
2.C批评。
3.B吵吵闹闹的。
4.B旅游的方式应改变。整篇文章(除第一段外)都环绕旅游方式不理想来进行批评。
第二段集中在导游观光使旅游者难以和当地人民接触。第三段,见到的只是证实了旅游者本
人事先形成的思想/先入之见,旅游根本达不到了解对方的目的。第四段讲了民族固定模式
(先入之见的模式)的可怕后果。要使人懂得所有的人们都是人,类彼此相似,又各具特点,
就得改变旅游的方式。
A.导游观光令人失望。C.旅游时,你见到的特性证实了你的先入之见。D.民族模式应
当改变。这三条都是批评的具体内容。
5.D人人都能享受大旅游。大旅行是专指英国富家子弟上学中的一门课程-到欧洲大
陆观光。不是人人都能享受。这里用grandtour表示人人都能享受类似grandtour的一切,
甚至超过,如第一段指出:现代旅游者享受的舒适设施,达到了大旅行中老爷、小姐们做梦
都没有想到的水平。海陆空高级交流联络通讯系统,使人们有可能钱花得不多就能访问、观
光别的国家。所以说,曾是有钱人专享的大旅行,普通人也能领略。“grandtour”有引号,表
明作为比喻。A.费用不高。文内是费用合适、中等、恰当。B.当地观光受组织审查。C.人们
喜欢一流舒适设施。
Californiaisalandofvarietyandcontrast.Almosteverytypeofphysicallandfeature,sortof
arcticicefieldsandtropicaljunglescanbefoundwithinitsborders.Sharplycontrastingtypesof
landoftenlieveryclotooneanother.
PeoplelivinginBakersfield,forinstance,canvisitthePacificOceanandthecoastalplain,
thefertileSanJoaquinValley,thearidMojaveDert,andthehighSierraNevada,allwithin
aradiusofabout100miles.Inotherareasitispossibletogosnowskiinginthemorningand
surfingintheeveningofthesameday,withouthavingtotravellongdistance.
ContrastaboundsinCalifornia.ThehighestpointintheUnitedStates(outsideAlaska)is
inCalifornia,andsoisthelowestpoint(includingAlaska)。MountWhitney,14,494feet
abovealevel,isparatedfromDeathValley,282feetbelowalevel,byadistanceofonly
100miles.Thetwoareashaveadifferenceinaltitudeofalmostthreemiles.
Californiahasdeep,clearmountainlakeslikeLakeTahoe,thedeepestinthecountry,but
italsohasshallow,saltydertlakes.IthasLakeTulainyo,12,020feetabovealevel,and
thelowestlakeinthecountry,theSaltonSea,236feetbelowalevel.Someofitslakes,like
OwensLakeinDeathValley,arenotlakesatall:theyaredrieduplakebeds.
Inadditiontomountains,lakes,valleys,derts,andplateaus,CaliforniahasitsPacific
coastline,stretchinglongerthanthecoastlinesofOregonandWashingtoncombined.
26.WhichofthefollowingisthelowestpointintheUnitedStates?
A.LakeTulainyoB.MojavedertC.DeathValleyD.TheSaltonSea
27.WhereisthehighestpointintheUnitedStateslocated?
A.LakeTahoe.B.SierraNevada.C.MountWhitney.D.Alaska.
28.HowfarawayisDeathValleyfromMountWhitney?
A.About3miles.B.Only100miles.C.282feet.D.14,494feet.
29.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasbeingwithinaradiusof
about100milesofBakersfield?
A.ThePacificOcean.B.SanJoaquinValley.C.MojaveDert.D.Oregonand
Washington.
30.WhichstatementbestdemonstratesthatCaliforniaisalandofvarietyandcontrast?
A.ThehighestlakeinCaliforniaisLakeTulainyo.
B.ItispossibletogosurfingandsnowskiinginsomepartsofCaliforniawithouthavingto
travellongdistance.
C.SierraNevada,SanJoaquinValley,MojaveDertandthePacificOceanallliewithin
aradiusofabout100miles.
D.OwensLake,inDeathValley,isnotreallyalakeatall.
答案及解析:
26.C)这是一道细节题。根据第三段所给的海拔高度,可知美国最低点在deathvalley.
27.D)此题很容易误选为C,这是因为第三段提到MountWhitney的海拔高度;但是
要注意此段第二句提到美国最高点时在括号中补充说明这