疑问词ever用法归纳x

疑问词ever的用法概括
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疑问词+ever的用法概括
“疑问词+ever是〞最近几年来高考英语的一个考察热门,在各版本的中学英语教材中出现频次较高,并且是学生理解和掌握的一个难点。从不一样角度阐述这方面内容的文章好多,本文试图别辟门路,简单了然地概括解说这一问题。
“疑问词+ever可〞分为两类,“疑问代词+ever:〞whatever/whichever/whoever(宾格whomever)和“疑问副词+ever〞:wherever/whenever/however.
不论是“疑问代词+ever还〞是“疑问副词+ever,〞其意义都是“不论/不论+该疑问词的本意〞。
“疑问代词+ever可〞指引两种种类的从句,即退步状语从句和名词性从句
(主语从句、宾语从句)。
(1)指引退步状语从句。此时whatever/whoever/whichever分别等于“nomatter+what/who/which〞。比如:
Whateverhappened,hewouldn'tsayaword.=Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldn'tsayaword.
Whoeversaysso,itiswrong.=Nomatterwhosaysso,dictionaryyou(may)take,youwillhavetopayatleast20dollars.=Nomatterwhichdictionaryyou(may)take,youwillhavetopayatleast20dollars.
注意:这种从句中应用一般此刻时表未来,从句中也常用神态动词may
/might.
(2)指引名词性从句。比如:
Whoeversmokesherewillbepunished.(主语从句)
Beggarswilleatwhatevertheyaregiven.(宾语从句)
Whicheverhelikeswillbegiventohim.(主语从句)
Youmayinvitewhoever/whomeveryoulike.(常用whoever取代whomever)
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此时它们都不可以换成“nomatter+疑问词〞的形式,但whoever等于anyonewho,whatever等于anythingthat.
2.疑“问副词+ever:〞wherever/whenever/however一般只好指引一种种类的从句,即退步状语从句,此时它们分别等于“nomatter+where/when/how〞。比如:
Whereverhegoes(maygo).I'llfollowhim.=Nomatterwherehegoes(maygo),I'llfollowhim.
WheneverIwisitedhim,hewasalwaysbusyworking.=NomatterwhenIvisitedhim,hewasalwaysbusyworking.
Howeverlateheis,hismotherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.=Nomatterhowlateheis,hismotherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.
注意:当however用作连结副词时也可指引名词性从句,而whenever/wherever那么不可以指引名词性从句。比如:
I'llgiveyouhowevermuchmoneyyouneed.(宾语从句,此时however不可以改
成nomatterhow)。
3.此外,whatever/whichever/whoever与whenever/wherever/however分别可相当于what/which/who与when/where/how的重申式,惹起的特别疑问句常常是简单句,与原疑问词的意思、用法完整同样,不过表达的语气更加
激烈,翻译时可加上“究竟;终究〞等。比如:
What(ever)areyoudoing?你(究竟)在干什么?
Which(ever)doyouwanttobuy?你(终究)要买哪一个?
Who(ever)toldyousuchafoolishstory?(终究)是谁讲给你这么蠢的事?
When(ever)canIenjoyalongvacation?(终究)什么时候才能给我放个长假
呢?
Where(ever)didyouleaveyourdictionary?你(终究)把字典放哪儿了?
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How(ever)didyoucollectsomuchmoney?你(究竟)是如何筹到这么多钱的?
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