英语词源词典 Dx

D-day。
1918,"datetforthebeginningofamilitaryoperation/withDasanabbreviationofday,cf.H-hour,alsofromthesamemilitaryorderofSept.7,1918:
"TheFirstArmywillattackatH-HouronD-DaywiththeobjectofforcingtheevacuationoftheSt.Mihielsalient."[FieldOrderNo.8,FirstArmy,A.E.F.]"Theydesignatethedayandhouroftheoperationwhenthedayandhourhavenotyetbeendetermined,orwherecrecyisntial”[U.S.ArmyCenterofMilitaryHistoryWebsite].NowalmostexclusivelyofJune6,1944.
D.D.T.O
1943,fromdichlorodiphenyltrichlorethane;firstmadeinU.S.byGeigey&Co.
D.T.。
abbreviationofdeliriumtremens(q.v.),attestedfrom1858.
c.1307,“heavyblowwithaweapon,"fromdabben"tostrike/1perhapsimitative.Modernnof"strikewithaslight,quickpressure,*developedby1592,infl.byFr.dauber(edaub).DabhandisBritishslang,1828,fromdab"expert11(1691),saidtobeschoolslang,ofunknownorigin.
dabbleO1557,frequentativeofdab.Originalmeaningwas"wetbysplashing;nmodernfig.nfirstrecorded1625.
dachshund,
1881,fromGer.Dachshund,fromDachs,fromcommonLE.wordfor“badger”dark。
O.E.deorc,fromP.Gmc.^derkaz.nAbnceoflight"especiallyatnightistheoriginalmeaning.Meaning"gloomy,cheerless11wasalsoinO.E.TheAnglo-Saxonsalsohadaufulverb,sweorcan,meaningntogrowdark.”Applicationtocolorsis16c.Theaterslangfor"clod"isfrom1916;darky,for"blackperson"isfrom1775;darkhoris1842,fromhorracing.Inthedark"ignorant0firstrecorded1677;DarkAgesisfrom1730,inreferencetotheilliterateanduneducatedstateofEuropeforcenturiesafterthefallofRome.
darling,
O.E.deorling,doubledim.ofdeor''dear.''Thevowelshiftfrom-e-to-q-(16c.)isusualfor-er-followedbyaconsonant."ItisbettertobeAnoldemansderlyng,thanayongmanswerlyng"(1562).
darn⑴。
"mend”c.1600,perhapsfromM.Fr.darner"mend,"fromdarne"piece,"fromBretondarn"piece,fragment,part."Alternativeetymologyisfromobs.dern,fromO.E.diernanntohide/1fromdierne"cretJfromW.Gmc.^darnjaz.
darn(2)。
tamecurword,1781,Amer.Eng.euphemismfordamn,saidtohaveoriginatedinNewEnglandwhenswearingwasapunishableoffen;ifso,itsspreadwasprobablyinfl.byrtamal,shortforEternal,asinBytheEternal(God),favoriteexclamationofAndrewJackson,amongothers.
0.1314,fromO.Fr.dart,fromP.Gmc.^darothuz,sourceofO.E.darod.Verbmeaning"tomovelikeadart"isattestedfrom1619.
Darwinism
1864,fromCharlesDarwin(1809-1882),whomajorworkswere"TheOriginofSpecies”(1859)and"TheDescentofMan"(1871).Darwin'sfamilynameisfromO.E.deorwine"dear-friend''(10c.)c.1643,fromdisjoint(n.)nadilemma,distress11(c.1374),probablyinfluencedbylit.ninO.Fr.desjointe"paration,rupture.n
Amer.Eng.preferredspelling,1664,fromL.discus"quoit,discus,disk/fromGk.diskos,fromdikein"throw?Senofphonographdiskis1888;diskjockeyfirstrecorded1941;dee-jayisfrom1955;DJis1961;videoversionveejayis1982.Computingnisfrom1947;diskette"floppydisk”is1973,withdim.suffix;disk-driveis1952.
dislike。
C.1540(impliedindisliking),hybridwhichoustednativemislikeastheoppositeoflike.16c.alsohadtheexcellentdislove"hate,ceatolove/butitdidnotsurvive.
dislocateO1605,fromearlieradj.orpp.dislocate“outofjoint”(0.1400),fromM.L.dislocatus,pp.ofdislocarenputoutofplace/*fromL.dis-"awayn+locarentoplace**(elocate).
dislodge,c.1408,fromO.Fr.deslogerntoleaveorcautoleavealodgingplace/*fromdes-"dotheoppositeof'+loger(elodge).
disloyalty。
C.1410,fromM.Fr.desloyaulte,fromO.Fr.desloialteit,fromdes-"not"+loialnloyal.ndismal.
C1400,fromAnglo-Fr.dismal,fromO.Fr.(li)dismals”(the)baddays,"fromM.L.diesmalinevilorunluckydays”(alsocalleddies々gyptiaci),fromL.dies“days"(ediurnal)+mali,pl.ofmalus"bad"(emaZ-).ThroughtheMiddleAges,calendarsmarkedtwodaysofeachmonthasunlucky,suppodlybadontheancientcalculationsofEgyptianastrologers.Modernnof
"gloomy,dreary**firstrecordedinEng.1593inreferencetosounds.
dismantleO
1579,fromM.Fr.desmanteler"toteardownthewallsofafortress/*lit.nstripofacloak/1fromdes-"off,away"+manteler"tocloak**(emantle).
dismay。
1297,fromO.Fr.^desmaier,fromL.de-intensiveprefix+O.Fr.esmaier”totrouble,disturb,"fromV.L.^exmagare“divestofpowerorability/1fromP.Gmc.stem^mag-"power,ability"(cf.O.H.G.magenntobepowerfulorable;11emay(v.)\dismember■
1297,fromO.Fr.desmembrer,fromM.L.dismembrare,fromL.de-ntakeaway"+membrum"limb"(emember).
dismiss.
C1432,fromO.Fr.desmis,fromM.L.dismissus,fromL.dimissus,pp.ofdimittere"ndaway/1fromdi-"apart,away"+mittere"nd,letgo."Prefixalteredbyanalogywithmanydis-verbs.Dismit,inthesamen,isattestedfrom1382.
dismount。
1533,fromdis-+mount(v)Disneyland。
infig.nof“landofmake-believe11firstrecorded1956,fromU.S.entertainmentparkcreatedbycartoonistWalterE.Disney(1901-66).Thesurnameisattestedfromc.1150(WilliamdeYsini),fromIsignyintheCalvadosregionofNormandy.Disneyesque,inreferencetoDisney*scartooningstyle,isattestedfrom1939.
disobey-
1393,fromO.Fr.desobeir(13c)reformedwithdis-fromL.L.inobedire,aback-formationfrominobediens“notobeying/*fromL.in-"not"+prp.ofobedire(eobey).Firstrecordofdisobedienceisc.1400.
disorderO
1477,fromdis-"not"+theverborder.Replacedearlierdisordeine(1340),fromO.Fr.desordainer,fromM.L.disordinarenthrowintodisorder/fromL.dis-"takeaway"+ordinare"toorder,regulate."disorganize■
1793,fromFr.desorganir,fromdes-"not"+organir"organize."ThiswordandrelatedformsintroducedinEng.inreferencetotheFr.Revolution.
disorient。
1655,fromFr.desorienter,fromdes-ndis-n+orienter(eorient(v.)).
disown。
c.1620,fromdis-+own(v.).
0.1315,fromO.Fr.desparagier"reduceinrank,degrade/1originallyntocautomarryunequally/1andthusbyextensionthedisgraceordishonorinvolvedinthis,fromdes-"away"+parage"rank,lineage"(epeerage).Senof“belittle"firstrecorded1536.
disparate■
1608,“unlikeinkind/*fromL.disparatus,pp.ofdisparare"divide,parate/fromdis-"apart"+parare"getready,prepare0(epare);meaninginfl.byL.dispar"unequal,unlike.
Hdisparity。
c.1555,fromM.Fr.disparite,fromL.L.disparitatem“inequality,“fromL.dis-
“not"+L.L.paritas(gen.paritatis)nparityn(eparity).
dispassionate。
1594,fromdis-ntheoppositeof'+pasionate(q.v.).
dispatch。
1517,ntondoffinahurry,"fromSp.despacher"expedite,hasten/1probablyoppositeofO.Prov.empachar"impede,''eitherfromGallo-Romance^impactare,frequentativeofL.pingere“dashagainst/1orult.fromL.pedica"shackle1*(eimpeach).Meaningntogetridofbykilling"isattestedfrom1530.Nounnofnamessagentspeedily“isfirstattested1582.
dispelO
c.1631,fromL.dispellere“driveapart/1fromdis-nawayn+pellere“todrive,push."Sincethemeaningis"todriveawayindifferentdirections"itshouldnothaveasanobjectasingle,indivisiblething(youcandispelsuspicion,butnotanaccusation).
dispen。
c.1320,fromO.Fr.dispenr"giveout/fromL.dispensare"disbur,administer,distribute(byweight),“freq,ofdispendere"payout,“fromdis-"out"+pendere"topay,weigh"(ependant).InM.L.,dispenderewasudintheecclesiasticalnofngrantlicentodowhatisforbiddenoromitwhatisrequired0(apowerofpopes,bishops,etc.),andthusacquiredanofngrantremissionfrompunishmentorexemptionfromlaw/whichledtotheMod.Eng.meaning.Oldernisprervedin
dispensary(1699)“placeforweighingoutmedicines,"TheologicalnisfrombeingudtotranslateGk.oikonomoianoffice,methodofadministration.nDispensationisfromc.1374.
disper。
C.1450,fromM.Fr.disperr“scatter,“fromL.dispersus,pp.ofdispergere"toscatter/fromdis-"apart,ineverydirection"+spargerentoscatter”(espar).TheL.wordisglosdinO.E.bytostregdan.
displaceO
1551,fromO.Fr.desplacer,fromdes-"dis-”+placer“toplace."display。
1292,fromO.Fr.despleier“unfold,spreadoutJfromL.displicarentoscatter/1fromdis-nun-?apart"+plicare"tofold"eply(v.)).Properlyofsailsorflags(andunconnectedtoplay\meaningof“reveal,exhibit0isc.1380.
displeaOc.1350,fromO.Fr.desplais-,prenttenstemofdesplaisir"todisplea,”fromL.displicere"displea/1fromdis-''not"+placere"toplea.”Displeasurefirstattestedc.1470.
disport。
1303,fromAnglo-Fr.disporter"divert,amu,”fromO.Fr.desporter,lit."carryaway"(themindfromriousmatters),fromdes-"away"+porter”tocarry/fromL.portarentocarry”(eport(1)).
dispo。
C.1340,fromO.Fr.dispor(infl.bypor“toplace"),fromO.Fr.despondre,fromL.disponere“putinorder,arrange/1fromdis-napart"+ponere"toput,place"(eposition).Disposition"temperament”is1387,fromastrologicaluofthewordfor"positionofaplanetasadetermininginfluence.11Disposableinthemodernnisfirstrecorded1943,originallyofdiapers,soonofeverything;replacedthrow-away(1928).Firstrecordeduofdisposableincomeisfrom1948.
1494,fromO.Fr.despossr"todisposss/1fromdes-"dis-"+possr"posss.”
disproportionate
1555,fromdis-Hnotu+proportionate.
disprove。
c.138o,fromO.Fr.desprover,fromdes-"dis-"+prover“toprove."dispute。
c.1225(impliedindisputing),fromO.Fr.desputer(12c.),fromL.disputare"examine,discuss,argue,nfromdis-"parately"+putare"tocount,consider."UdinVulgateinnofntoargue,contendwithwords.ndisqualify。
1718(impliedindisqualified),fromdis-+qualify(q.v.).
disquisitionO
1605,nsubjectforinvestigation/*also"systematicarch,"fromL.disquisitionem(nom.disquisitionfromstemofdisquirere"inquire,"fromdis-napartn+quasrere"ek,ask”(equery).Senof“longspeech0firstrecorded1647.
1641,fromdis-+regard(q.v.).
disremember。
1815,Amer.Eng.colloquialism,fromdis-+remember.
disrepairO
1798,fromdis-+repair(n.).
disrepute。
1663,fromdis-+repute.Firstrecordofdisreputableisfrom1772.
1614(v.),1631(n.),fromdis-+respect.
disrobe
1581inintrans.nof"undress,"fromdis-+robe.
disruption,1646,fromL.disruptionem,fromstemofdisrumpere“breakapart,split,“fromdis-"apart"+rumperentobreak."
dissatisfaction
dissatisfaction
1640,fromdis-+satisfaction.
disction
disction
1581,introducedbyFrancisBacon,fromM.Fr.disction,fromM.L.disctionem,fromstemofL.discare"cutinpieces,0fromdis-"apart"+care"tocut"(ection).
dismble,1413(impliedindismblable),apparentlyavariantofM.E.dissimule(infl.byM.Fr.desmblerorEng.remble),fromO.Fr.dissimuler,fromL.dissimulare(edissimulation).
disminate(v.).
1603,fromadj.disminateHscatteredwidely"(early15c)fromL.disminatus,pp.ofdisminare,fromdis-nineverydirection1*+minare"toplant,propagate,nfrommen(gen.minis)ned!,(emen).
disnsionOc.1300,fromL.disnsionem(nom.disnsio)''disagreement;'fromdisrts-,stemofdisntire"disagree"(edisnt).
disnt。
c.1425,Scottish,fromL.disntire"differinntiments/1fromdis-"differently"+ntire“tofeel,think/*Disnterinthereligiousnisfrom1639;withacapitalD-from1679.