科技词汇的翻译方法

科技词汇的特点与译法
1.科技文体的词汇特点:
A.纯科技词:anode(阳极)isotope(同位素)
B.通用科技词:power,operation,transmission
C.派生词:antibiotics,microbiology
D.合成词:horpower,blueprint,dust-free
E.缩写词:CAD(computerassisteddesign)
F.借用词:robot,xerox
2.科技词汇的翻译方法与技巧
1.直译:直接译出词的所指意义
1)移植(transplant)按词典给出的意义将词的各词素的意义依次翻译出来,多用于派生词和复合词.
Microwave微波de-moil脱脂
Superconductantiballisticmissile
Dataphonedayglow
Linear-inductionmotorcapacitor
Contractordistributorprojector
2).音译(transliteration)
FormicaCadillacaspirinquininenylon
SonarcarbineAIDSbit(IPA)
专有名词新材料新产品新概念缩略词
3).象形译(pictographictranslation)
1)象译根据所指物体的形状进行翻译.看这个物体象什么.
H-beamU-steelV-beltY-curve
2)形译,根据词的形状进行翻译.
L-electronR-rayd-brassB-vitamin
TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChine.
1.powerstation2.fossilfuel3.sunspot4.spaceprobe5.wormgear6.treering7.centrifugalgovernor8.cardiacperformance
2.意译
1.推演根据词典所给的意义和原文具体的语境推断某个词的词义.Spaceshuttle
2.引申即不脱离原文的基础运用延伸或扩展的方法进行翻译.通常的做法有两种:一是将具体引向抽象,如brain-trust;另一种是将具体的意义引向抽象,如dataqualification.
3.解释一种辅助性翻译手段,即用译文解释原文意思.多用于个别初次出现而意义较抽象或含义较深刻的名词和专业术语.
Exerci
Ballbearingtestbedcarrierrocket
Tractorshoemonkeydriverballcock
Decaydaughterforeigntissueghostimage
I-barO-ringT-squarezigzagchainnocap
科技英语中的复数形式与缩略语
1.Thepluralforms
TherearemanywordsinESTofLatinorGreekorigin.Theyoftenendin–a,-on,-um,-us,etc.Thepluralformsofthewordsaredifferentfromtheregularforms.Forexample,thepluralformofbacteriumisbacteria.
Many,especiallythoingeneralu,nowonlyhavearegularform(e.g.electron--electrons).Somehavealterativepluralforms(e.g.spectrum—spectra/spectrums),whicharebothacceptable.ButtheLatinorGreekformismoreformal.
Moreexamplesareprovidedinthefollowing:
WordendingSingularformpluralform
-a(+e)alga(藻类)algae/algas
formula(公式)formulae/formulas
-on(a)criterioncriteria/criterions
phenomenonphenomena
-us(a)fungus(真菌)fungi/fungus
radius(半径)radii/radius
-um(a)medium(培养基)media/mediums
stratum(地/岩层)strata/stratums
2.ABBREVIATIONSINEST
AbbreviationsinESTaremainlyformedinthefollowingways:
1)Initials:thecombinationofthefirstlettersofthetechnicaltermsororganizations.
SRT=systemreactiontime
2)Acronyms:abbreviationconsistingofthefirstlettersofeachwordinatechnicaltermandpronouncedasaword.
AIDS=AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome
3)Blends:partsofthewordsinatechnicaltermareblendedtoformanewword.
Ecosys=ecology+systemtransistor=transfer+resistor