中国金融安全的法律思考

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2022年8月2日发
(作者:司考成绩查询入口)

CHINA LAW 2010/02 l法律・政治・缝清 

中圆金融安全的法律 |、

\一\/ 

名 

文/李受君 

金融安全同题是中园法孥界一直比较嗣注的 题,以保 我们圆内金融安全。 

同题,它是中圆金融法的一佃重要原则,髓现在栽 一

、中圜目前没有系统的“金融安全法律”理谕 

乎所有的金融法规中。由美园次贷危横所引骚的 髓系 

全球性金融危横,已经演燮届全球性的经滂危横。 

受大睦法系傅统法早思想髓系影警,在中囡占 

遣埸危楼已经殷重影譬到了中园的金融经漓和寅髓 主尊地位的法孥理输中,主要强翮的是 整平等主髓 

经滂。它使我们不得不榆封原有的金融安全法律横 法律网系的民商法和调整不平等主髓法律网系的行政 

制能否保箍中圆不再出现颊似的危楼。同睛,它使 

法。以虑封经滂危横属基本研究封象的经滂法和保障 

我们又不得不思考在金融、经滴全球化的今天,中 金融安全禺基本研究封象的金融法理 研究非常薄 

圆现有的法律髓系是否能够保障金融和缝滴安全。 

弱,甚至秤多研究经滂法的擘者也不 焉缀滂法的核 

中圆目前封金融安全法律同题的研究,可以税在理 心是经滂危横虑封法和经漓安全保障法,研究金融 

输上和寅践上都是非常不完善的,既没有系统的金 法的孥者刖更少绝结金融法的完整理输髓系,将金融 

融安全法律理 髓系,也没有完善的金融安全法律 

安全作焉金融法的基本指撙原则,并统领全部金融法 

具髓制度髓系。届此,我们必须以美圆遗次金融和 规的制定舆孰行。即使在遣方面有部分研究成果也主 

经滂危楗届契楼,深入研究中圆金融安全的法律罔 要是立足于囡内,研究圆内经涪和金融安全的。事寅 

上我们已经是WTO成具,已经是世界第二大园隙贸 

系的不完善主要表现在以下畿倜方面:一是整倜社舍 

易主髓。但是,在中园的法孥理谕中,遐基本上没有 

的法律、法规髓系不完善,金融经滴缺少一佃稳定逼 

系统的缝漕和金融全球化背景下的理输。理揄是行勤 

行的法治瑕境;二是整佃社舍的信用法律髓系不够健 

的指撙,没有能够防止团内金融危楼的理输,就鞋以 全,各部用的信用信息不完整,决策横耩鞋以取得全 

有完善的国内金融安全法制;没有能够虑封圆隙金融 

面的信用信息;三是金融楼槽内部治理和内部控制的 

 

危横的理输,更雉以有完善的虑封园隙金融危横的法 

法律、法规不完善,鞋以保恙其经瞀决策的科孥性;

律封策;没有完善的法律封策就鞋以保 金融安全和 四是金融监管法律不完善,监管楼网法律上没有猾立 

秩序。如诺思在《经滂史上的结槽和燮革》中阐述的 

那檬:人颧骚展的各租合作和兢争的形式及寅施将人 

颓活勤组绒起柬的规章的那些制度,正是经滂史的中 

心。遣些规章不馑阐明了指撙和决定经滂活勤的激励 

制度和抑制制度,而且决定着一佃社舍基本的福利和 

收入分配。 

二、中圜目前没有完善的“金融安全法律”法规 

艘系 

改革阴放30年柬,中圆主要是在睾召经滂和金 

融先连囡家的经验,遣也反映在我佣的具髓金融法律 

建毅上。自20世纪80年代以柬,中园造行了大量的金 

融立法。到目前禺止,中圆颁布的金融法律已经有9 

部,修改金融法5次,平均每年都有一次重要的金融 

立法或修法任耪。此外,中圆现行的金融绦例、规章 

和司法解释有一百多部,初步形成了中圆的金融法 

律、法规髓系,遣些法律、法规在缝滂生活中骚挥着 

重要作用。但是,也必须看到,遣些法律、法规在很 

大程度上是孕留外圆经验的结果。现在,外园的法律 

经验成了教训,我们也不得不封中圆现有的法律髓系 

造行榆封。德的税柬,中园现行的法律髓系在金融安 

全方面主要存在以下畿佃同题: 

(一)虑封圆内金融危械的法规髓系不完善,金 

融安全缺少系统的法律保障 

要虑封圆 金融危楼,首先必须有一佃良好的圆 

内金融状况。如果园内金融状况本身就不穗定,一旦 

圆隙金融髓系出现同题就舍迅速波及到圆内。并且, 

遐可能成届加剧团 金融危横的因素。因此,要虑封 

圆隙金融危楼,必须完善虑封圆内金融危楼的法规髓 

系。就本次由美圆的次级贷款危楼所引骚的全球危楼 

柬耩,它首先是由美圆圆内虑封金融危横的法规髓系 

不完善才鼗生的,并由美圆金融市埸波及到全世界 

的。 

就中圆目前情况柬看,臆封圆内金融危楼法规髓 

性,使金融调控和监管受到行政部朗的梗大干攫,鲢 

以保 其将金融安全作焉主要 控和监管目檩;五是 

没有引髅金融危横的法律责任髓系,引骚金融危横的 

主髓既不承搪法律责任,也没有责任追究楼制,鞋以 

法律责任上防止引骚金融危横;六是金融楗横的市 

埸退出法律髓系不完善,至今遐没有建立起存款保除 

制度。 

(二)虑封固除金融危横的法律制度缺失,固除 

金融安全基本矣法律保谨 

中圆经涪和金融的全面明放,不僮畲给我们带 

束巨大的市埸空同,同睛也使中圆缝滂和金融同圆除 

市埸紧密地膦系在一起。在圆隙统一市埸的僚件下, 

中圆已经是圆 市埸中的一佃重要主髓,圆隙市埸上 

的任何波勤都畲封中固的圆内经滂和金融横成重大影 

警。因此,必须建立虑封园隙金融危橙和缝滂危楼的 

法律髓系,以在圆隙金融或经滂危横的保件下保遘圆 

内金融和缝漓的基本安全,保持圆内经滂和金融的基 

本稳定。 

就中圆目前情况柬看,基本上没有系统的虑封园 

隙金融危横的法律髓系,中圆的圆 金融安全基本上 

没有法律保麓。具髓柬耩,主要包括以下戏佃方面: 

一是中圆基本上没有封外投资的凰隐控制法律横制, 

特别是圆有企棠封外投资凰除约束法律槎制,一旦骚 

生圆 金融危楼,中圆持有的外圆资麈含受到重大损 

失;二是没有完善的外商投资凰除控制法律楼制,一 

旦骚生圆隙金融危楗,外商在中圆境内的资廑很可能 

成局被孰行的封象,使中圆自身受到较大的损失;三 

是基本上没有完善的跨境破麈法律楼制,使外圆企棠 

破鏖可能直接危及到中圆债槎人的利益;四是没有在 

圆 法律髓系中形成有利于中园的凰除傅遁法律楼 

制,在园 金融危楼面前中圆祗能虚于被勤地位;五 

是没有建立起人民帑的园 化流通法律楗制,使在园 

隙金融危楼面前我们不能转嫁危楼。 

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CHINA LAW 2010/02 l法律・政治・经清 

(三)没有系统的金融凰除预警醴系和突餮金融 

械,或餮生金融危械而没有可以依檬的虑置法律 

的麈生都源于一檀目的,即一檀事寅上的勤楼, “法 

在追寻特定目的,……目的性思考是由目檩出骚的思 

事件虑置法律髓系,不能及峙餐现可能爆餮的金融危 

是以强制作扇保障的社舍目的髓系”。“法规鲍始终 

目前,中圆基本上没有系统的金融凰险预警和 

考;它同晴也是一獯由较高位陪的德髓出骚所作的思 

突黉性金融事件虞置法律髓系。就园内柬看,中圆没 

有尊朗的金融凰除预警法律髓系,没有凰险预警指棵 

髓系、预警监督榆测髓系、警告级别髓系以及突骚金 

融事件魔置法律髓系;既没有程序法方面魔置程序规 

筢,也没有寅髓法方面的虞置方法和主髓责任规筢; 

骚生同题祗能采取行政手段酶睛虞理。 

徒圆 隋况柬看,中圆没有封世界主要市埸的金 

融凰除监督榆测法律髓系,没有封圆 金融凰除的警 

告檩辈,没有喜 负责封园隙金融凰除提出投资警告 

的檄横,更没有任何主髓封中圆在圆隙金融危楼到来 

没有预警而承搪法律责任。在园除金融危横骚生睛, 

中国没有财麈保全方面的法律规定,没有鹰封的法律 

程序、法定方法和虑封主髓的规定。 

三、完善中圜金融安全法律制度的袭黠思考 

(一)槽建中国金融安全封策的法学理徐髓系 

槽建中圆金融安全封策的法孕理谕髓系的核心内 

容是耩建虑封金融危横的法罩理输基硭,它具髓包括 

四部分内容:一是金融安全的法律地位理输。在效率 

原则、秩序原则、安全原则和公平原则中,金融安全 

原则虑是其中的主要原则,安全有助于使人们享有生 

命、财麈、自由和平等等其他僵值的状况稳定化并盎 

可能地缝绩下去。没有金融安全就鞋以有真正的金融 

效率、秩序和公平。二是金融安全的法律瑗境理 。 

金融安全必须依攘一侗基本的法律瑗境,没有一佃相 

封完善的社合法制瑕境, 以寅现真正的金融安全。 

三是金融安全的法律控制理 ,包括封金融主髓的控 

制、金融创新的控制、金融逢行的控制和凰除魔置的 

控制。四是金融安全的园 法律理 ,包括中囡封外 

投资的凰除控制、外商投资的凰除控制、跨境破座的 

凰除控制,以及通遇人民帑圆 流通楼制的碓立所能 

够寅现的凰除耱嫁理输。 

(二)完善中国庶封金融危械的法律规乾髓系 

耶林指出,目的是全部法的创造者,每保规则 

50 

考”。 

金融危横的具髓法律规筢髓系,虑主要由三部分 

内容耩成。一是要完善中圆的国内金融危楼虑封法律 

规箍髓系,它是保 圆内不出现金融危楗,或出现金 

融危楼能够徒容虑封的法律封策。具髓包括,完善中 

囡现有的法制瑕境,完善中圆现行的信用信息髓系, 

完善金融楼耩的内部治理结槽,完善金融楼耩的内部 

控制制度,完善金融楼槽的市埸退出制度髓系,完善 

金融创新控制髓系,完善金融行柴舆其他行柴之同的 

凰除隔雄制度髓系,完善金融柴内部凰除隔靛制度髓 

系,完善金融监管和蠲控法律髓系,以及建立金融楼 

耩自身及其高级管理人具的危横责任和责任追究制度 

髓系。 

二是建立中圆的圆隙金融危楼虑封法律规筢髓 

系,它是在圆内没有出现金融危横,而是在圜隙上出 

现金融危横的保件下,中园虑封该危横的法律封策。 

具髓包括,中园企柴封外投资凰除控制制度,特别是 

园有企柴封外投资凰除控制制度;外商投资企柴的凰 

除控制制度,跨境破麈的法律控制横制,囡隙金融凰 

除傅遁的隔靛法律规箍,以及人民瞥圆 化的凰除蒋 

嫁控制法律规箍。 

三是建立中圆的危楼预警和突骚金融事件虞置法 

律规箍髓系,它是金融危楼或金融凰除骚生畴的具髓 

虑封法律规筢髓系。它具髓包括圆内金融凰除预警法 

律规箍髓系、国内突骠金融事件的凰除虎置法律规筢 

髓系,以及圆隙金融凰险预警法律规筢髓系、圆 突 

骚金融事件虎置法律规箍髓系。 

通遇建立和完善遣三佃方面的法律制度髓系, 

我们 局就能够建立起中园虑封金融危横的法律制度 

髓系,出现任何金融危横我们都能够在法律上徒容虑 

封。(作者系中圆政法大学金融法研究中心副主任、 

中圜法擎合银行法学研究合副秘害畏、北京市经济法 

学研究合理事) 

CHINA LAW 2010/02 l Law・Politics・Economy 

Legal Reflection on Financial Security 

i n Ch i n a 

ByLiAijun 

Deputy director of the Financial Law Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law

, deputy secretary。general of the Banking Law Research Council of China Law Society,and member of 

Beijing City Economic Law Research Council 

FinanciaI security is an issue to which iurisprudentiaI 

circles in China have always attached relatively great 

importance.1t is an important principle in the financiallaw of 

China.which is embodied almost in alI financiallegislations 

in the country.The globaI financiaI crisis resulted from 

the subprime Ioan crisis in the United States eventually 

evolved jnto a global economic crisis,which seriously 

impacted both the financial economy and substantial 

economy of China.It made us retiect on whether or not the 

existing legal mechanism for financiaI security is capable of 

guaranteeing that there would no longer be a similar crisis 

in China.Meanwhile.it also made us ponder on whether 

China’s existing legal system is capable of guaranteeing 

the financiaI and economic security under the situation of 

financial and economic globalization today.1t is tenable 

to say that the study of legal issues Ol3 financial security 

in China today is quite incomplete both theoretically and 

practically,with neither a systematic regime of theories 

for the Iaw on financiaI security.nor a regime of specific 

systems of wel1.established Iaws on financiaI security. 

Therefore,we must,taking retiection on the globaI financial 

and economic crises triggered by the subprime Ioan crisis 

in the United States as an opportunitY,study in an in-depth 

way legaIissues on financiaI security in China.in order to 

guarantee financial security in the country. 

102 

l-Present absence of a systematic regime 

of theories for the Iaw on flnanciaI security in 

China 

Under influence of the ideologicaI system of traditionaI 

iurisprudence of the ContinentaI Law system,iurisprudential 

theories in a dominant position in the field of judsprudence 

0f China mainly emphasize civiI and commerciallaws that 

regulate the legal relationship among equal subjects and 

administrative Iaws that regulate the IegaI relationship 

among unequal subjects.In China.there is very Iittle 

research of theories of economic law with response to 

economic crises as the basic object of research。and 

also very Iittle research of theories of financialIaw with 

the protection of financiaI security as the basic object of 

research.Eyen many scholars engaged in the research of 

economic law do not consider the core part of economic 

law to be the law on response to economic cdses and the 

Iaw on the protection of economic security.Meanwhile, 

scholars engaged in the research of financiallaw do even 

Iess work in summing up the complete theoreticaI system of 

ifnancial law,in taking financial security as a basic guiding 

principle of financiallaw.and in Ieading the enactmerit and 

enforcement of alI financiallaw and regulations.Even in this 

respect,part of the research achievements is mainly based 

in China。and is mainly a result of research of subjects on 

economic and financiaI security in China.In realitY,China 

has been a member of the World Trade Organization 

(WTO),and the second largest trading nation in the world. 

However,in the field of iurisprudential theories in China, 

there have been basically no systematic theories against 

the background of economic and financiaI globalization. 

As theories are a guide to actions.it wilI be dificult to have 

a complete system of laws on domestic financial security 

without the existence of theories capable of playing a role 

jn preventing financiaI crises。jt wilJ  be even more dificult 

to have a complete system of legal countermeasures to 

dea1 with internationaI financiaI crises without the existence 

of theories capable of playing a role in responding to 

infernatiOna}financiaI crises.and it will be dificult to 

guarantee ifnancial security and order without the existence 

of a complete system of legal countermeasures.Just as 

Douglas North stated in the book Structure and Change 

in Economic HistOry,the various forms of cooperation and 

competition jn human development and the systems of 

rules for realizing the organization of human activities are 

iust the center of economic history.These rules not only 

expound the incentive systems and inhibitive systems 

guiding and determining economic activities,but also 

determine the basic welfare and income distribution of a 

society. 

II.Present absence of a complete regime 

of Iaws and regulations on financial secu ̄ty 

0Me r the past more than 30 years siirce China 

adopted the pollcy of reform and opening up in 1 978,China 

has mainly been drawing orl the Successful experience of 

developed countries in economy and finance,which has 

been reflected in specific development of the system of 

ifnanciaIlaw.Since the 1 980s.China has done a great deal 

ln Iegislation on finance.So fa China has enacted nine 

financialIaWS and revised five ones.with the enactment 

or revision of one major financial law each year on the 

average.Besides.China boasts more than 1 OO sets of 

financiaI regulations,rules and iudiciaI interDretations. 

These Jaws,regulations,rules and judicial jnterpretations 

have initially formed China’s system of financiallaw.and 

have been playing an important role in the economic Iife 

Of China.However.it must be perceived that these Iaws. 

regulations,rules and iudicial interpretations have to a great 

extent been results of China’s efforts to draw on foreign 

experience.Today,legal experience of other countries has 

turned out to be a Iesson that we need to Iearn.and we also 

have co review the existing systern of financiaIIaw in China. 

Generally speaking,China’s existing systern of ifnancial law 

is problematic in financiaI security in the foIlowing respects: 

(1)Incompleteness of the system of regulations 

on response to domestic financia,crises,and lack of 

systema ̄clegalguarantee forfinanc ̄lsecuHty: 

To respond to international flnanciaI crises.we must 

firstly of alI have a sound domestic flnanciaI situation.If 

the domestic financia J situation js unstable by nature.any 

problem arising fr0m the internationaI financiaI system wilI 

rapidly impact the domestic financial situation.Moreover、 

it may become a factor e×acerbatlna the international 

financiaI crisis.Therefore.to dea1 with internationaI 

ifnanciaI crises.we must manage to improve the system of 

regulations on domestic financiaI crises.As far as the globaI 

ifnancial crisis triggered by the 2007—2009 subprime loan 

crisis i13 the United States is concerned.it broke out first Of 

all because of incompleteness of the system of regulations 

on domestic financial crises in the United States.and it 

spread to alI parts of the world fr0m financiaI markets in the 

United States. 

As far as the situatjon jn China js COncerned. 

incompleteness of the system of regulations on response 

to domestic financiaI crises has been manifested mainly 

in the foIlowing respects:Firstly,the system of laws and 

regulations of the whole society is incomplete,and there 

is the Iack of a favorable Iegal environment for stable 

operation of the financiaI economy.Secondly,the system 

of credit Iaw of the whole society is not complete enough 

while the systems of credit information of various sectors 

103 

CHINA LAW 2010/02 }Law・Politics・Economy 

are also incomplete.which makes it di怖cult for decision— 

Orice an internationaI financiaI crisis takes place.foreign 

making bodies to obtain a complete range of Information. 

Thirdly.the system of Iaws and regulations of financiaI 

institutions fof internaI management and intemaI controIis 

incomplete.which makes it difficult to guarantee scientiifcity 

of operation and decision-making by financiaIinstitutions. 

Fourthly.the Iaw on financiaI regulation is incomplete while 

ifnancial regulatory authorities are not legally independent, 

which makes their work of regulation as well as supervision 

and controI over finance highly vulnerable to interference 

assets hold by China wilI be subject to serious Iosses. 

Secondly,there is in China no wel1.established IegaI 

mechanism for risk controI over foreign investment in 

China(investment in China from foreign countries).Once 

an internationaI financial crisis takes place.assets owned 

by foreign investors in China may very likely become 

targets of execution of arbitral awards or court judgments, 

which in turn may result in relatively serious losses to 

China.Thirdly,there;s basically no wel1.established legal 

by administrative departments,and which makes it dififcult 

to guarantee that financial regulatory authorities wjII 

take financiaI security as the main target of their work of 

regulation as well as supervision and contro1.Fitfhly,there is 

the absence of a system of legal responsibility for resulting 

in financiaI crises.As a result.whoever causes a financiaI 

crisis does not have to take legaI responsibility.Besides. 

there is also the absence of a mechanism for investigating 

the parties concerned to establish their Iegal responsibility. 

The absence of such a system and mechanism makes it 

dificult to prevent the cause of financial crises in terms of 

establishment of legaI responsibility.And sixthly.the system 

of Iaw for financialinstitutions to withdraw from the market 

is also incomplete.So far,the system of deposit insurance 

has not been established in China. 

1m Absence ofa system oflaw on response to 

international financial crises,and a basic lack oflegal 

protection of international ifnancla,security: 

Ful1.scale opening uP of China’s economic and 

financial sectors will not only bring us an enormous 

marketspace.but will also enable China’s economy and 

ifnance to be closely linked to internationaI markets.Under 

conditions of market unification,China has become an 

important entity in international market.and any major 

fluctuation at international markets is bound to pose a 

serious impact on China’s domestic economy and finance. 

Therefore,we must manage to establish a system of law 

designed to dea1 with internationaI financiaI crises and 

economic crises.in order that we wilI be able to protect the 

basic securiyt of the domestic ifnance and economy under 

conditions of an internationaI financiaI or economic crisis. 

and protect the basic stability of the domestic economy and 

ifnance. 

As far as the realities in China are concerned。there 

is basically no systematic regime of lawS on response to 

international financial crises.and China’s internationaf 

ifnanciaI securiyt has basically not been brought under legal 

protection.Specifically speaking,major problems to this 

effect mainly jnclude the following:Firstly,there is in China 

basically no legal mechanism for risk controI over foreign 

investment finvestment in foreign countries).In particular, 

there is basically no legal mechanism for controlling risks 

in foreign investment by State.run enterprises in China. 

104 

mechanism for cross-border insolvency.which makes it 

possible for the insolvency of foreign enterprises to directly 

endanger interests of Chinese creditors.Fourthly,there 

has not formed a legal mechanism for dsk transference in 

the system of internationalIaw that is favorable to China. 

which lands China ln a passive position where there is 

an international financial crisis.And fitfhly,China has not 

established a legal mechanism for intemational circulation 

of the Chinese yuan,which makes us unable to shitf the 

burden of crisis where there is an internationaI financiaI 

crisis. 

(I10 Absence of a systematic ifnancla,risks early 

warning regime and a system of law on cleating wjth 

breaking financial emergencies,inabifity to discover 

possible financial crises,or absence of law to go by in 

dealingwith afinancialcrisisthatbreaksou 

Presently,there is in China basiaclly no financial risks 

early warning regime and a system of law on dealing with 

breaking financiaI emergencies.As far as the realities 

In China are concerned.there is in China no exclusive 

financiaI risks early warning Iegal regime.and no risks 

early warning index system,early warning supervision and 

monitoring system.warning Ievel system and system of Iaw 

on dealing with breaking financial emergencies.There is 

the absence of not only proceduraI norms for response in 

term of proceduraI Iaw。but also approaches for response 

and norms governing the responsibiliyt of entities in te丌11s 

of substantiallaw.As a result.whenever a problem adses。 

we have to adopt administrative means in response on an 

lnte rim basis. 

As far as China’s jnternational response system is 

concemed.there are in China no system of Iaw on financiaI 

risks supervision and monitoring at leading markets around 

the world.no standards for warning against internationaf 

financial risks.and no institutions specializing in issuing 

investment warnings against internationaI financial risks. 

1et alone any entity that will assume legal responsibility for 

failing to issue warnings in China at the time of arrivaI of 

an international financial crisis.Whenever an internationaI 

ifnanciaI crisis breaks out.there is in China the absence 

of legal p rovisions for p reservation of property,for 

corresponding procedures,for legal approaches and for 

emergency response entities 

countermeasure for guarding against the occurrence of 

ll_.Several ideas for improving China’s 

system of law on financial security 

possible domestic financiaI crises.or for enabling China to 

unhurriedly respond to financial crises whenever they occur: 

m Establishment of a system of jurisprudential 

theories on countermeasures for protecting China,s 

ifnancial security: 

Speciifcally.effOrts in this regard include improvement of 

the existing Iegal environment jn China,impmvement of the 

current credit information system in China。improvement 

of the internaI governance structure within financial 

institutions。improvement of the internaI control system 

The core part of the work of establishing a system of 

iurisprudential theories on countermeasures for protecting 

China’s financial security is to establish the basis for within financiaI institutions.improvement of the regime 

jurisprudentiaI theories on response to financiaI crises, 

which specifcally includes the foIlowing four contents: 

FirstIV.theories on the legal status of ifnanciaI security: 

Among the principle of efficiency,the principle of order, 

the principle of security and the principle of faimess,the 

principle of financial security should be a major principle. 

Security is conducive to stabilizing and maintaining as 

much as possible the status of values enjoyable by people, 

including life,property,freedom and equality.Without 

financiaI security.it wilI be difficult to have real financial 

efifciency,a reaI financiaI order and real financiaI fairness. 

SecondIY.theories on the legaI envitonment for 

financia J security:FinanciaI security must rely on a basic 

legaI environment.Without a relatively well—established 

social1egal environment.it wii1 be dificult to realize real 

ifnancial security. 

Thirdly,theories Ol3 Iegal controI over ifnanciaI secudty: 

Theories on legal control over financiaI security include 

theories on IegaI controI over financiaI entities.financiaI 

innovation.financiaI operation and response to financial 

risks. 

And fourthly,theories on jnternationalJaw on financia J 

security:Theories on internationallaw on financiaI security 

include theories on risk controI over China’s investment 

in other COUntries.risk controI over foreign investment 

jn China,risk contro J over cross-border jnsolvency.risk 

transference realizable through the establishment of a 

mechanism for internationaI circulation of the Chinese yuan. 

Il1)Improvement of the system oflegal norms on 

China,s response to financialcrises: 

Rudolf von Jhering pointed out that“Purpose is the 

creator of the entire law;that there is no IegaI rule that 

does not owe its existence to a purpose,i.e.。a practicaI 

motive.”Jhering said that law was the system of sociai 

purposes with coercion as its guarantee,that legal norms 

were always pursuing particular purposes,that purposive 

consideration was consideration out of targets.and lhat it 

was meanwhile a type of consideration made out of a whole 

at a relatively high Ieve1. 

China’s system of specific legal nOrms on financiaI 

crises should developed mainly through the foIlowing three 

approaches: 

Firstly,improvement of the system of legal norms 

on response to domestic financiaI crises.which is a Iegal 

of systems for financiaI institutions to withdraw什0m the 

marketplace.improvemenl of the system of control over 

ifnanciaIinnovation.improvement of the regime of systems 

f0r the isolation of risks between the financial sector and 

other sectors.}mprovement of the regime of systems for the 

isolation of risks within the financiaI secl0 improvement of 

the IegaI system for supervision.controI and regulation over 

ifnance,and establishment of the system of responsibility 

of both financialjnstitutions and their senior executives for 

crises and also the system for investigation to establish 

the responsibility of financiaIinstitutions and their senior 

executives for crises. 

Secondly,establishment of China’s system of Iegal 

norms on response to international financial crises, 

which is a legal countermeasure for China to respond to 

internationaI financial crises whenever they occur while 

there are no domestic ifnancial crises in China:Speciifcally, 

efforts to this effect jnclude establishment of the system of 

risk controI over investment in foreign countries by Chinese 

enterprises.particularly the system of risk controI over 

foreign investment by Stale-run enterprises。the system 

of risk controJ for foreign-funded enterprises;n China.the 

mechanism for IegaI controI over cross-border insolvency, 

Iegal norms on isolation against internationaI ifnanciaI risk 

transference.and Iegal n0rms on controI over risk shift in 

jnternationalization of the Chinese yuan. 

And thirdIV,estabIishment of China’s regime of 

systems of legal norms on early warning against cdses and 

response to breaking financiaI emergencies.which should 

be a regime of systems of legal norms practiaclly appliacble 

by China whenever there Occurs financiaI crises or ifnanciaI 

risks.SpecificallY.efforts in this respect incIude the 

establishment of a system of legaI norms on early warning 

againsf domestic financiaI crises.a systern of legaI norms 

on response to breaking domestic ifnanciaI crises,a system 

of legal norms on early warning against international 

ifnanciaI crises.and a system of legal norms on China’s 

response to breaking internationaI ifnanciaI crises. 

In my opinion。by establishing and improving the 

regime of systems of Iaw in the aforesaid three respects. 

China will be able to establish its regime of legaI systems 

f0r response to financiaI crises.and wilI be able to Iegally 

respond to any financial crises without hurrV whenever fhey 

OCCUr. 

105 


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