对外经贸大学考研常用法律专业英语术语三—新祥旭考研

常用法律英语三，法理和民法部分

法律渊源sourceoflaw制定法statute判例法caselaw;precedent

普通法commonlaw特别法speciallaw固有法

nativelaw;indigenouslaw继受法adoptedlaw实体法

substantiallaw程序法procedurallaw

原则法fundamentallaw例外法exceptionlaw司法解释

judicialinterpretation

习惯法customarylaw公序良俗

publicorderandmoral自然法naturallaw罗马法

RomanLaw私法privatelaw公法publiclaw市民法

juscivile万民法jusgentium

民法法系civillawsystem英美法系systemofAnglo-

Americanlaw大陆法系civillawsystem普通法commonlaw

大陆法continentallaw罗马法系

Romanlawsystem英吉利法Englishlaw衡平法

equity;lawofequity日尔曼法Germanticlaw教

会法ecclesiasticallaw寺院法canonlaw伊斯

兰法Islamiclaw

民法法律规范normofcivillaw授权规范

authorizationnorm禁止规范forbiddingnorm义务性规范

obligatorynorm命令性规范commandingnorm

民法基本原则fundamentalprinciplesofcivillaw

平等原则principleofequality自愿原则principleoffreewill

公平原则principleofjustice等价有偿原则

principleofequalvalueexchange诚实信用原则principleofgoodfaith行为

act

作为act不作为omission

合法行为lawfulact违法行为unlawfulact民事权利权利能力

civilright绝对权absoluteright相对权relativeright

优先权rightofpriority

先买权preemption原权antecedentright救

济权rightofrelief支配权rightofdominion

请求权rightofclaim物上请求权

rightofclaimforrealthing形成权rightofformation

撤销权rightofclaimingcancellation否认权

rightofclaimingcancellation解除权rightofrenouncement代位权

subrogatedright

选择权rightofchoice承认权rightofadmission

终止权rightoftermination抗辩权

rightofdefense一时性抗辩权

momentaryrightofdefense永久性抗辩权

permanentcounter-argumentright不安抗辩权

unstablecounter-argumentright

同时履行抗辩权

defenserightofsimultaneousperformance既得权

testedright期待权expectantright

专属权exclusiveright非专属权non-

exclusiveright人身权利personalright

人权humanright人格权

rightofpersonality生命健康权

rightoflifeandhealth

姓名权rightofname名称权rightofname

肖像权rightofportraiture自由权

rightoffreedom名誉权rightreputation隐私权

rightofprivacy私生活秘密权rightofprivacy

贞操权virginityright身份权rightofstatus

亲权parentalpower;parentalright亲属权

rightofrelative探视权visitationright配偶权

rightofspouse

荣誉权rightofhonor权利的保护protectionofright

公力救济publicprotection私力救济self-

protection权利本位standardofright社会本位

standardofsociety无责任行为irresponsibleright

正当防卫justifiableright;ligitimatedefence防

卫行为actofdefence自为行为self-conductingact

紧急避险actofrescue;necessity自助行为actofself-

help不可抗力forcemajeure意外事件accident

行为能力capacityforact意思能力

capacityofwill民事行为civilact

意思表示declarationofintention意思

表示一致meetingofminds;consensus完

全行为能力perfectcapacityforact限制

行为能力restrictivecapacityforact准

禁治产人quasi-interdictedperson保佐

protection

自治产人

minorwhoiscapableofadministeringhisowncapacity无行为

能力incapacityforact禁治产人interdictedperson自然

人naturalperson公民citizen

住所domicile居所residence经常居住地

frequentlydwellingplace户籍censusregister监护

guardianship

个体工商户individualbusiness农村承包经营户

leaseholdingruralhousehold

合伙partnership合伙人

partner合伙协议

partnershipagreement合伙财产

propertyofpartnership合伙债

务debtofpartnership入伙

joinpartnership

退伙withdrawalfrompartnership

合伙企业partnershipbusinessestablishment

个人合伙partnership法人合伙

partnershipoflegalperson特别合伙specialpartnership

普通合伙generalpartnership有限合伙

limitedpartnership民事合伙civilpartnership隐名合伙

sleepingpartnership;dormantpartnership私营企业

privateenterprise;proprietorship

法人legalperson企业法人legalbodyofenterprise企业

集团groupofenterprise关联企业affiliateenterprise

个人独资企业individualbusinessestablishment

国有独资企业solelystate-ownedenterprise中外

合资企业Sino-foreignjointventureenterprise中

外合作企业Sino-foreigncontractualenterprise

社团法人legalbodyofmassorganization

财团法人legalbodyoffinancialgroup

联营jointventure法人型联营

associationoflegalpersons合伙型联营

coordinatedmanagementinpartnership协作型联营

cooperation-typecoordinatedmanagement合作社

cooperative民事法律行为civillegalact单方民事法律

行为unilateralcivillegalact双方民事法律行为

bilateralcivillegalact多方民事法律行为

jointactcivillegalact有偿民事法律行为

civillegalactwithconsideration无偿民事法律行为

civillegalactwithoutconsideration;

civillegalactwithoutaward

实践性民事法律行为practicalcivillegalact

诺成性民事法律行为consentalcivillegalact

要式民事法律行为formalcivillegalact不要式

民事法律行为informalcivillegalact要因民事

法律行为causativecivillegalact不要因民事

法律行为noncausativecivillegalact主民事法

律行为principalcivillegalact从民事法律行

为accessorycivillegalact附条件民事法律行

为conditionalcivillegalact附期限民事法律

行为civillegalactwithterm生前民事法律行为

civillegalactbeforedeath死后民事法律行为

civillegalactafterdeath准民事法律行为

quasi-civillegalact

无效行为ineffectiveact可撤销

民事行为revocablecivilact违法

行为illegalact;unlawfulact侵

权行为tort欺诈fraud

胁迫duress乘人之危

takingadvantageofothers’precariousposition以合法形式掩盖非法

目的legalformconcealingillegalintention恶意串通

maliciouscollaboration重大误解grossmisunderstanding显失公平

obviousunjust误传misrepresentation

代理agency本人principal被代理

人principal受托人trustee代理

人agent本代理人originalagent

法定代理人statutoryagent;legalagent

委托代理人agentbymandate指定代理人

designatedagent复代理人subagent再代理人

subagent

转代理人subagent代理权rightofagency

授权行为actofauthorization授权委托书powerofattorney

代理行为actofagency委

托代理agencybymandate

本代理originalagency复代理subagency次代理

subagency有权代理authorizedagency

表见代理

agencybyestoppel;apparentagency律师代

理agencybylawyer

普通代理

generalagency全权代

理generalagency

全权代理委托书

generalpowerofattorney共同代理

jointagency

独家代理soleagency

居间brokerage居间人broker行纪

commission;brokerhouse信托trust时效

timelimit;prescription;limitation时效中止

suspensionofprescription/limitation

时效中断interruptionoflimitation/prescription

时效延长extensionoflimitation取得时效

acquisitiveprescription时效终止

lapseoftime;terminationofprescription

期日date期间term

涉外民事关系

civilrelationswithforeignelements冲突规范

ruleofconflict

准据法applicablelaw;governinglaw

反致renvoi;remission转致transmission识别

identification公共秩序保留reserveofpublicorder法律规

避evasionoflaw国籍nationality国有化nationalization

法律责任legalliability民事责任

civilliability/responsibility行政责任

administrativeliability/responsibility

刑事责任criminalliability/responsibility

违约责任

liabilityofbreachofcontract;responsibilityofdefault有限责

任limitedliability无限责任unlimitedliability

按份责任shared/severalliability连带责任

jointandseveralliability过失责任

liabilityfornegligence;negligentliability

过错责任faultliability;liabilityforfault

单独过错solefault共同过错jointfault混合过错

mixedfault被害人过错victim’sfault第三人过错

thirdparty’sfault推定过错presumptivefault恶意

badfaith;malice

故意deliberateintention;intention;willfulness过

失negligence重大过失grossnegligence疏忽大意的

过失carelessandinadvertentnegligence过于自信的

过失negligencewithundueassumption损害事实

factsofdamage有形损失tangibledamage/loss

无形损失intangibledamage/loss财产损失

propertydamage/loss人身损失personaldamage/loss精神损失

spiritualdamage/loss民事责任承担方式

methodsofbearingcivilliability

停止侵害ceasetheinfringingact

排除妨碍exclusionofhindrance;removalofobstacle

消除危险eliminationofdanger返还财产

restitutionofproperty恢复原状

restitution;restitutionoforiginalstate

赔偿损失

compensateforaloss;indemnifyforaloss支付违

约金paymentofliquidateddamage消除影响

eliminateilleffects

恢复名誉

rehabilitateone’sreputation赔礼道

歉extendaformalapology

物权jusadrem;rightinrem;realright物权

制度realrightsystem;rightinremsystem

一物一权原则theprincipalofOnething,OneRight物

权法定主义principaloflegalityofrightinrem物权

公示原则principalofpublicsummonsofrightinrem物

权法jusrerem物property

生产资料rawmaterialforproduction

生活资料

meansoflivelihood;meansofsubsistence流通物

resincommercium;athingincommerce限制流通物

limitedmerchantablething

禁止流通物

resextracommercium;athingoutofcommerce资产

asset固定资产fixedasset

流动资产currentasset;floatingasset

动产movables;chattel不动产

immovable;realestate特定物

rescertae;acertainthing

种类物genus;indefinitething

可分物resdivisibiles;divisiblethings不可

分物resindivisibiles;indivisiblethings主

物rescapitalis;aprincipalthing

从物

resaccessoria;anaccessorything原

物originalthing孳息fruits

天然孳息naturalfruits法定孳息legalfruits

无主物

bonavacatia;vacantgoods;ownerlessgoods遗失

物lostproperty漂流物driftingobject埋藏物

fortuna;hiddenproperty

货币currency证券securities债券bond物权

分类classificationofrightinrem/realright自

物权jusinrepropria;rightoffullownership所

有权dominium;ownership;title

所有权凭证

documentoftitle;titleofownership占有权

dominiumutile;equitableownership使用权

rightofuse;righttouseof

收益权righttoearnings;righttoyields

处分权

rightofdisposing;jusdispodendi善意

占有possessioningoodfaith

恶意占有maliciouspossession按份共有severalpossession